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Mean time-to-retraction by category
| Cause of retraction | n | Months to retract (Mean) | SD |
| All causes* | 2,047 | 32.9 | 34.2 |
| Fraud (fabrication/falsification) | 697 | 46.8 | 38.4 |
| Suspected fraud | 192 | 29.4 | 30.0 |
| Plagiarism | 200 | 26.0 | 32.6 |
| Duplicate publication | 290 | 27.0 | 30.1 |
| Error | 437 | 26.0 | 28.0 |
| Other | 108 | 19.8 | 31.1 |
| Unknown | 182 | 22.1 | 25.4 |
*Some articles fall into more than one category.
