Table 1.

Time constants (τ at 20 °C), volume changes (ΔV), and heat release (ΔQ) of four transitions resolved in PBD measurements

Flash no.	Transition	τ (μs)	ΔV*, † (A3)	ΔQ † (meV)
1		98 ± 3	-6.1 ± 0.4	160 ± 50
2		29 ± 2	+4.4 ± 1.1	190 ± 120
3	S3 → S0	1,960 ± 90	+15 ± 2.5	60 ± 250
4		94 ± 8	+3.5 ± 1.3	40 ± 140

The given parameters were determined from data shown in Fig. 3; error ranges correspond to uncertainty of the fit result at the 1σ level.

^*The value of ΔV denotes apparent volume changes calculated using SI Text, Eq. S1. Negative or positive signs correspond to contractions or expansions, respectively.

^†The figures given for ΔV and ΔQ were calculated for a single PSII complex after absorption of one light quantum (without correction for nonunity quantum yield).