Table 3.

Coefficients (β) and standard errors (s.e.) estimated by the best general additive mixed model (GAMM) predicting step length (ln-transformed) of male elk (n = 45) in southwest Alberta, southeast British Columbia and northwest Montana during the hunting season.

	β	s.e.
intercept	6.464	0.390
hunting season fate (harvested)	2.189	1.220
movement behaviour (migratory)	0.095	0.086
movement behaviour (resident)	0.153	0.164
day period (day)	−0.834	0.041
day period (dusk)	−0.434	0.043
day period (night)	−1.098	0.038
terrain ruggedness r	−0.013	0.002
open areas (inside)	0.115	0.036
land use (private land)	0.184	0.086
land use (public land)	0.033	0.085
log-distance from gravel roads dgrv	−0.043	0.023
week period (Sat.–Sun.)	−0.055	0.033
hunting season fate (harvested) × r	−0.005	0.003
hunting season fate (harvested) × open areas (inside)	0.018	0.076
hunting season fate (harvested) × dgrv	−0.056	0.043
hunting season fate (harvested) × week period (Sat.–Sun.)	0.179	0.070