Patient Factors |
Age (especially >75)4
|
ABO bloodtype (A, AB)13
|
Prior deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism |
Leg paresis, prolonged immobility2,6
|
Multiple medical comorbidities |
Obesity |
Glioma-associated Factors |
Tumor grade (high > low-grade glioma)3,4
|
Intraluminal thrombosis in surgical specimen15
|
Recurrent disease |
Tumour size (>5 cm)3,4
|
Post-operative residual disease (biopsy>partial>gross total resection)14
|
Treatment-associated factors |
Post-operative period |
Chemotherapy61
|
VEGF targeted treatment38
|
Hormonal therapy |
Venous access devices |
Possible biomarkers |
Thrombocytosis, anemia, leukocytosis62–64
|
Activated coagulation factors (D-dimers, thrombin-antithrombin complexes)62
|
Biomarkers to be evaluated further |
Tissue Factor (antigen, activity levels, circulated microparticles)31,32
|
Molecular phenotype (EGFRviii overexpression, PTEN loss or mutation) |