Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for development of complication in 203 patients with catheter-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
| Variable | No SAB-related complication (n = 148) | SAB-related complication (n = 55) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
| P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 (49–70) | 64 (54–71) | 0.29 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | ||
| Male sex | 91 (62) | 37 (67) | 0.45 | 1.29 (0.67–2.48) | ||
| Community-onset of infection | 18 (12) | 9 (16) | 0.43 | 1.41 (0.59–3.37) | ||
| Methicillin resistance | 81 (55) | 41 (75) | 0.01 | 2.42 (1.22–4.82) | ||
| Underlying malignancy | 74 (50) | 34 (62) | 0.13 | 1.62 (0.86–3.05) | ||
| Renal failure | 31 (21) | 25 (46) | 0.001 | 3.15 (1.62–6.10) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 42 (28) | 14 (26) | 0.68 | 0.86 (0.43–1.74) | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | 27 (18) | 7 (13) | 0.35 | 0.65 (0.27–1.60) | ||
| Central venous catheter | 112 (76) | 48 (87) | 0.07 | 2.20 (0.92–5.30) | ||
| Long-term intravascular catheters | 28 (19) | 14 (26) | 0.31 | 1.46 (0.70–3.05) | ||
| External signs of catheter infection | 27 (18) | 13 (24) | 0.39 | 1.39 (0.66–2.93) | ||
| Presence of non-catheter prosthetic device | 6 (4) | 11 (20) | 0.001 | 5.92 (2.07–16.92) | 0.052 | 3.50 (0.99–12.40) |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 16 (11–21) | 20 (15–24) | 0.001 | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) |
| Pitt bacteremia score, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 0.48 | 1.03 (0.91–1.18) | ||
| Intensive care unit stay | 44 (30) | 15 (27) | 0.73 | 0.89 (0.44–1.79) | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | 28 (19) | 8 (15) | 0.47 | 0.73 (0.31–1.72) | ||
| Prescription of immunosuppressive therapy1 | 29 (20) | 14 (26) | 0.36 | 1.40 (0.68–2.91) | ||
| Prescription of cancer chemotherapy1 | 24 (16) | 9 (16) | 0.98 | 1.01 (0.45–2.34) | ||
| Recent surgery1 | 41 (28) | 16 (29) | 0.85 | 1.07 (0.54–2.12) | ||
| Persistent CRSAB | 12 (8) | 31 (56) | <0.001 | 14.64 (6.61–32.42) | <0.001 | 13.84 (5.98–32.06) |
| Catheter removal >48 hrs after onset of bacteremia | 115 (78) | 43 (78) | 0.94 | 1.03 (0.49–2.17) | ||
| Inappropriate antibiotic therapy within 48 hrs | 14 (10) | 11 (20) | 0.04 | 2.39 (1.01–5.66) | 0.03 | 3.04 (1.09–8.45) |
| Vancomycin MIC by Etest2 | (n = 81) | (n = 41) | ||||
| ≤1.0 mg/L | 25 (31) | 15 (37) | NA | reference | ||
| 1.5 mg/L | 38 (47) | 19 (46) | 0.67 | 0.83 (0.36–1.94) | ||
| ≥2.0 mg/L3 | 18 (22) | 7 (17) | 0.43 | 0.65 (0.22–1.91) | ||
| hVISA2 | 27 (33) | 18 (44) | 0.25 | 1.57 (0.72–3.38) | ||
NOTE: Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated. SAB, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CRSAB, catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NA, not applicable; hVISA, heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus.
1
Within previous one month.
2
Analysis was restricted to 122 MRSA cases.
3
Two isolates had vancomycin MICs of 3 mg/L.