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. 2012 Oct 24;7(10):e44118. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044118

Figure 3. Justifications for retraction stated in the notices consulted, which accounted for 4,232 retracted articles.

Figure 3

Only 20% of articles were retracted due to research misconduct, while more than twice that many were retracted due to publishing misconduct. Note that 42% were retracted because of “questionable data or interpretations.” Percentages are based on the 3,631 ( = 4,232−601) notices which stated the justification.