Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of MDR-TB patients, by HIV status.a .
| Characteristic | HIV-negative | HIV-positive | pc | |
| (N = 40)b | (N = 94)b | |||
| Age (years) | 43 (27.5–58.5) | 39.5 (33–46) | 0.3031 | |
| BMI (kg/m2)d | Severely low (<16) | 7 (20.0) | 12 (14.1) | 0.4118 |
| Low (16 to <18.5) | 13 (37.1) | 25 (29.4) | ||
| Normal (≥18.5) | 15 (42.9) | 48 (56.5) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.1 (10.9–13.4) | 11.1 (9.7–12.7) | 0.0860 | |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32.0 (27.5–36.0) | 31.0 (27.0–37.0) | 0.8366 | |
| Resting respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 24 (23–28) | 26 (24–28) | 0.8292 | |
| Number of previous TB treatment regimens | None | 1 (2.5) | 4 (4.3) | 0.5198 |
| One | 10 (25.0) | 33 (35.1) | ||
| Two | 19 (47.5) | 32 (34.0) | ||
| Three or more | 10 (25.0) | 25 (26.6) | ||
| Time since first TB diagnosis (months) | 29.9 (8.8–82.1) | 19.0 (8.2–50.8) | 0.2911 | |
| Sputum smear | Positive | 7 (17.5) | 8 (8.5) | 0.2220 |
| Negative | 22 (55.0) | 50 (53.2) | ||
| Not available | 11 (27.5) | 36 (38.3) | ||
| Number of drugs to which isolate was resistant | 2 or 3 | 14 (35.0) | 42 (44.7) | 0.3420 |
| ≥4 | 26 (65.0) | 52 (55.3) | ||
| Previous exposure to second-line TB drugs | Yes | 2 (5.0) | 16 (17.0) | 0.0943 |
| No | 38 (95.0) | 78 (83.0) | ||
| Fibrotic or cavitary lesions on chest radiograph | Yes | 31 (79.5) | 65 (72.2) | 0.5106 |
| No | 8 (20.5) | 25 (27.8) | ||
| Bilateral disease on chest radiograph | Yes | 37 (94.9) | 81 (90.0) | 0.5027 |
| No | 2 (5.1) | 9 (10.0) | ||
| Extrapulmonary TB | Yes | 2 (5.0) | 5 (5.3) | 1.0000 |
| No | 38 (95.0) | 89 (94.7) | ||
| Hospitalized at treatment initiation | Yes | 10 (25.0) | 30 (31.9) | 0.5369 |
| No | 30 (75.0) | 64 (68.1) | ||
| Sex | Male | 25 (62.5) | 54 (57.5) | 0.7017 |
| Female | 15 (37.5) | 40 (42.6) | ||
| Worked in South Africa | Yes | 22 (56.4) | 45 (48.9) | 0.4515 |
| No | 17 (43.6) | 47 (51.1) | ||
| Worked in South Africa as a miner | Yes | 14 (35.9) | 28 (31.5) | 0.6842 |
| No | 25 (64.1) | 61 (68.5) |
Note: BMI: body mass index.
a
Table values are median (IQR) for continuous variables and n (column %) for categorical variables.
b
Numbers may not sum to total due to missing data, and percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
c
P-value is for Wilcoxon rank sum test (continuous variables) or Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables).
d
For patients under 20 years of age, severely low BMI was defined as < −3 standard deviations, low BMI was defined as < −2 standard deviations, according to World Health Organization BMI-for-age charts for 5–19 years, 2–5 years.