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. 2012 Oct 1;186(7):616–621. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1868OC

TABLE 2.

MULTIVARIABLE LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGE IN LUNG FUNCTION OVER TIME; INTERACTION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND SMOKING (PACK-YEARS)*

β P Value
FEV1 −0.0002 0.023
FVC −0.0002 0.08
FEV1/FVC −0.003 0.1

Negative effect estimates suggest that in subjects with vitamin D deficiency, the same number of pack-years led to a faster rate of decline as compared with subjects without vitamin D deficiency.

*

Effect estimates and P values are for the interaction term with vitamin D deficiency, time (in years), and pack-years of smoking.