. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Nutr. 2011 Nov 18;51(8):1033–1040. doi: 10.1007/s00394-011-0276-2

Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between soy nutrients and type 2 diabetes

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	P for trend^d
Soy isoflavones
Mean (mg/1,000 kcal)	3.05	6.73	10.02	14.28	25.67
Cases (n)/person-years	444/48,806	445/49,635	458/49,550	455/49,644	450/49,263
Multivariable-adjusted^a	1.0	1.00 (0.87, 1.15)	1.03 (0.89, 1.19)	1.02 (0.87, 1.20)	1.02 (0.83, 1.25)	0.789
Multivariable-adjusted + sweetened soy^b	1.0	0.93 (0.81, 1.08)	0.90 (0.76, 1.07)	0.84 (0.69, 1.03)	0.76 (0.58, 1.01)	0.065
Multivariable-adjusted + BMI^c	1.0	0.93 (0.81, 1.08)	0.91 (0.77, 1.08)	0.85 (0.70, 1.05)	0.76 (0.58, 1.00)	0.080
Soy protein
Mean (% kcal)	0.44	0.91	1.30	1.80	3.03
Cases (n)/Person-years	432/48,882	454/49,737	463/49,718	465/49,565	438/48,996
Multivariable-adjusted^a	1.0	1.03 (0.90, 1.19)	1.02 (0.88, 1.19)	1.02 (0.86, 1.21)	0.93 (0.74, 1.18)	0.800
Multivariable-adjusted + sweetened soy^b	1.0	1.00 (0.87, 1.15)	0.97 (0.83, 1.13)	0.95 (0.79, 1.14)	0.85 (0.66, 1.08)	0.276
Multivariable-adjusted + BMI^c	1.0	1.00 (0.87, 1.15)	0.99 (0.84, 1.16)	0.96 (0.80, 1.15)	0.86 (0.67, 1.10)	0.337

Adjusted for age (<50, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, ≥65), sex, dialect (Hokkiens/Cantonese), year of interview, and soybean drink (never, 1–3/month, 1/week, ≥2–3/week), educational level (none, primary, secondary plus), smoking status (never, former, current), alcohol use (none, occasional, weekly, daily), any physical activity (y/n), baseline hypertensive (y/n), calcium (g/1,000 kcal), carbohydrate (% kcal), polyunsaturated fatty acid (% kcal), non-soy protein (% kcal), and total energy (kcal/day)

Additional adjustment for sweetened soybean drink and tofu far

Additional adjustment for body mass index (five categories)

Tests for trend were performed by treating the ordinal categorical values as continuous variables in the models