Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics (n=487)
| Variables | Mean (SD) or N (%) | Latent Variable Mean (Variance) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||
| Age in Years (range: 19–26)1 | 22.15 (1.57) | |
| Residential Status – live with family1 | 205 (39.0%) | |
| Race/ethnicity: | ||
| African American | 115 (23.6%) | |
| Latino of Mexican descent | 195 (40.0%) | |
| White | 177 (36.3%) | |
| Action Contexts | ||
| Violence/Discrimination (range: −0.270 – 0.706)2 | 0.00 (0.19) | |
| Self-Change Processes | ||
| Social Support | ||
| Wave 1 | 3.13 (0.60) | |
| Wave 3 | 3.21 (0.52) | |
| Wave 5 | 3.30 (0.50) | |
| Intercept | 3.125** (0.216**) | |
| Slope | 0.085** (0.011) | |
| Health as a Value | ||
| Wave 1 | 3.38 (0.53) | |
| Wave 3 | 3.34 (0.55) | |
| Wave 5 | 3.34 (0.52) | |
| Intercept | 3.364** (0.178**) | |
| Slope | −0.013 (0.030**) | |
| Self-Efficacy | ||
| Wave 1 | 28.52 (3.79) | |
| Wave 3 | 29.18 (3.36) | |
| Wave 5 | 29.17 (3.49) | |
| Intercept | 28.745*** (7.175**) | |
| Slope | 0.248** (0.816^) | |
| Outcome Variables | ||
| Psychological Distress (range: 0 – 54) | 12.47 (9.77) | |
| Health Protective Behavior Factor (range: −0.545 – 0.547)2 | 0.00 (0.23) | |
| Drug use3: | ||
| Lifetime non-use | 157 (29.8%) | |
| Lifetime use/not past 30 days | 211 (40.1%) | |
| Light use past 30 days | 33 (6.3%) | |
| Frequent/heavy use past 30 days | 77 (14.6%) | |
^
p<0.10;
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01
1
Measured at Wave 5
2
Latent variable factor scores created in Mplus using confirmatory factor analysis to create a single variable from multiple indicator variables.26 Scores are not maintained on the original scale of any single indicator variable.
3
N=478