Table 1.

Elastic net regression analyses of gene–gene interaction between the HT and LT-T1D groups.

	ARG1	CD19	CD3G	CTLA4	CD11b	CD20	S100A10	S100A11	S100A13	S100A6	S100A8	S100A9	TLR9
ARG1	0	0	0.07	0	0	0	0	0	0.03	0.22*	0.01	-0.21*	0
CD19		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CD3G			0	0	0	0.21*	0	0	0.06	0	0	0	0
CTLA4				0	0	0	0	0	0.03	0	0	0	0
CD11b					0	0	0.02	0	0	0	0	0	0
CD20						0	0	0	0.04	0	0	-0.15	0
S100A10							0	0	-0.05	0	0	0	0.11
S100A11								0	0	0	0	0	0
S100A13									-0.62**	0.09	0	-0.11	0.01
S100A6										0	0	0	0
S100A8											0	0	0
S100A9												0	0
TLR9													0

For a cross-group analysis of gene expression and interaction, gene expression data were fitted to a penalized logistic regression model named elastic net, according to an algorithm described in the text. Numbers in the table are the regression coefficients obtained from the analysis for healthy controls (HT) versus the long-term (LT)T1D group.

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.0005.This approach of multiple penalized regression did not detect any gene–gene interaction between HT versus AT, or HT versus NO groups.