Figure 2:

Whole-volume MIP images of failing brachiocephalic fistula (> 1 year after surgery). TOF MIP image shows stenosis at the anastomosis (arrow) and low signal intensity in the venous outflow; ferumoxytol-enhanced MR angiography MIP image shows a well-defined vascular lumen and two stenoses, one at the anastomosis and one distal in the venous limb (arrows). Note the improved volume coverage of the ferumoxytol-enhanced MR angiogram that enables detection of a stenosis missed on the TOF image.