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. 2012 Sep 13;10:190. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-190

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Copyright ©2012 Misharin et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Histopathological changes in joints of humanized mice 7 days after the initiation of the CFA-induced arthritis. (A) H&E staining showing CFA-induced infiltration of the soft tissues of humanized mice treated with Etanercept (left) and PBS (right), magnification 20x. SL = synovial lining. Arrow denotes invasion site. (B) Histopathological scores for pannus formation, inflammation, and bone erosion in CFA-treated mice. (C) Immunohistochemistry for human CD45, human CD68, mouse CD45, and mouse F4/80 in humanized mice treated with PBS (upper row) and Etanercept (lower row). Magnification 40x. (D) Immunohistopathological scores for infiltration of human CD45+ cells, human CD68+ cells, mouse CD45+ cells, mouse F4/80+ cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in humanized mice treated with PBS or Etanercept. Data represents 5 (Etanercept) and 3 (PBS) mice/group.