Table 4.
Outcomes for different groups of Indigenous mothers and newborns, NT 2003-2005
| Outcomes | Groups | Total no. | Count and Per centa | Odds Ratio [95% CI]a | Adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maternal: | |||||
| Mothers who gave birth at 32+ weeks gestation who had ≥5 antenatal visitsb |
TE Remote |
1,194 |
1,030 (86.3%) |
1.33 [0.95, 1.84] |
1.31 [0.87, 1.98] |
| |
TE Urban |
551 |
425 (77.1%) |
0.71 [0.50, 1.01] |
0.68 [0.44, 1.04] |
| |
CA Remote |
462 |
325 (70.4%) |
0.50 [0.35, 0.71] |
0.55 [0.36, 0.86] |
| |
CA Urban |
327 |
270 (82.6%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Mothers who reported smoking in pregnancyc |
TE Remote |
1,217 |
676 (55.6) |
1.33 [1.04, 1.58] |
1.47 [1.13, 1.90] |
| |
TE Urban |
559 |
296 (53.0%) |
1.20 [0.91, 1.57] |
1.36 [1.02, 1.80] |
| |
CA Remote |
469 |
135 (28.8%) |
0.43 [0.32, 0.58] |
0.43 [0.31, 0.58] |
| |
CA Urban |
328 |
159 (48.5%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Mothers who had epidural/spinal or narcotic pain relief during labourd |
TE Remote |
1,103 |
329 (29.8%) |
0.68 [0.52, 0.89] |
0.71 [0.53, 0.95] |
| |
TE Urban |
501 |
202 (40.3%) |
1.09 [0.81, 1.46] |
1.12 [0.82, 1.53] |
| |
CA Remote |
421 |
134 (31.8%) |
0.75 [0.55, 1.02] |
0.68 [0.49, 0.95] |
| |
CA Urban |
300 |
115 (38.3%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Mothers who had a normal birthe |
TE Remote |
1,217 |
605 (49.7%) |
0.78 [0.61, 1.00] |
0.47 [0.34, 0.66] |
| |
TE Urban |
559 |
301 (53.9%) |
0.92 [0.70, 1.22] |
0.67 [0.46, 0.96] |
| |
CA Remote |
469 |
222 (47.3%) |
0.71 [0.54, 0.95] |
0.52 [0.35, 0.76] |
| |
CA Urban |
328 |
183 (55.8%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Neonatal: | |||||
| Healthy babyf |
TE Remote |
1,217 |
966 (79.4%) |
0.78 [0.60, 1.01] |
0.79 [0.58,1.10] |
| |
TE Urban |
559 |
465 (83.2%) |
0.89 [0.62, 1.26] |
1.00 [0.64, 1.57] |
| |
CA Remote |
469 |
373 (79.5%) |
0.79 [0.57, 1.08] |
0.83 [0.56, 1.23] |
| |
CA Urban |
328 |
267 (81.4%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Newborns born preterm (< 37 weeks gestation)g |
TE Remote |
1,217 |
155 (12.7%) |
1.69 [1.10, 2.62] |
2.09 [1.20,3.64] |
| |
TE Urban |
559 |
55 (9.8%) |
1.27 [0.78, 2.07] |
1.48 [0.81, 2.70] |
| |
CA Remote |
469 |
50 (10.7%) |
1.39 [0.84, 2.28] |
1.40 [0.75, 2.61] |
| |
CA Urban |
328 |
26 (7.9%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Newborns with low birthweight (<2,500 g)h |
TE Remote |
1,217 |
144 (11.8%) |
1.38 [0.91, 2.10] |
1.07 [0.56, 2.03] |
| |
TE Urban |
559 |
47 (8.4%) |
0.95 [0.58, 1.54] |
0.78 [0.38, 1.60] |
| |
CA Remote |
469 |
40 (8.5%) |
0.96 [0.58, 1.59] |
0.82 [0.38, 1.75] |
| |
CA Urban |
328 |
29 (8.8%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Newborns admitted to special care (SC)i |
TE Remote |
1,217 |
266 (21.9%) |
1.01 [0.75, 1.36] |
1.22 [0.75, 1.97] |
| |
TE Urban |
559 |
106 (19.0%) |
0.85 [0.61, 1.19] |
1.47 [0.87, 2.48] |
| |
CA Remote |
469 |
100 (21.3%) |
0.98 [0.70, 1.38] |
1.11 [0.64, 1.9] |
| |
CA Urban |
328 |
71 (21.7%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Outcome |
Groups |
Total no. |
.. |
Coefficient [95% CI] |
Adjusted Coefficient[95% CI] |
| Newborns mean birthweight (in grams)j |
TE Remote |
1,217 |
.. |
−179 [−254, −105] |
−137 [−216, −59] |
| |
TE Urban |
559 |
.. |
−30 [−113, 54] |
15 [−71,101] |
| |
CA Remote |
469 |
.. |
−76 [−162, 11] |
−73 [−163, 17] |
| CA Urban | 328 | Constant: | 3,282 [3,216, 3,349] | 3,494 [3,342, 3,646] | |
a Unless otherwise stated.
b Antenatal visit model limited to mothers who had a pregnancy duration of 32 weeks or more and model adjusted for: age of mother, first pregnancy (Yes/No), four or more pregnancies, and diabetes in pregnancy (Yes/No).
c Smoking in pregnancy refers to any reported smoking during pregnancy and combined ‘smoking at first antenatal visit’ and ‘reported smoking at 36 weeks’. Model adjusted for: age of mother (continuous variable), four or more pregnancies (Yes/No), and reported alcohol use in pregnancy (Yes/No).
d Pain relief model limited to mothers who experienced labour and model adjusted for: age of mother, first pregnancy, four or more pregnancies, and out-of-hospital birth (Yes/No).
e Normal birth model adjusted for: age of mother, first pregnancy, four or more pregnancies, smoking, alcohol, diabetes in pregnancy, inadequate number of antenatal visits (Yes/No), out-of-hospital birth, epidural/spinal pain relief (Yes/No) and augmented labour (Yes/No).
f Healthy baby model adjusted for: age of mother, first pregnancy, four or more pregnancies, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, out-of-hospital birth, and non-instrumental vaginal birth.
g Preterm birth model adjusted for: age of mother, first pregnancy, four or more pregnancies, smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, diabetes in pregnancy.
hLow birthweight (LBW) model adjusted for same variables as preterm birth model, as well as preterm birth (Yes/No).
i SC Admission model adjusted for same variables as LBW model, as well as LBW (Yes/No), Apgar score at 5 minutes of less than 7 (Yes/No), serious resuscitation (Yes/No) and non-instrumental vaginal birth (Yes/No).
j Birthweight (as a continuous variable) model adjusted for age same variables as LBW model.