TABLE 3.

Comparison of model predictions for subjects with T2DM with experimental data

	Description	Model	Experimental data	Refs.
A	HGP/HGU set point at increased plasma glucose concentrations	T2DM set point between 7.1 and 11.1 mm depending on glycogen concentration: 7.1 mm (no glycogen), 9.5 mm (glycogen 250 mm), 11.1 mm (maximal glycogen)	T2DM set point above 8 mm: at 8 mm with insulin concentration of 150 pmol/liter	26
B	HGP in T2DM	HGP of ∼6 μmol/kg/min of HGP at 8 mm (glycogen 250 mm)	Net splanchnic glucose production (SGP) of ∼4 μmol/min/kg (difference of splanchnic glucose production ∼13 μmol/min/kg and ∼9 μmol/min/kg splanchnic glucose uptake)	26
			HGP > SGP due to the high experimental insulin concentration of 150 pmol/liter (∼50 pmol/liter predicted by the T2DM insulin GHR).
C	HGP in normal subjects and T2DM	∼4 μmol/kg/min of HGP for ∼5 mm blood glucose normal ∼4 μmol/kg/min of HGP for ∼8 mm blood glucose T2DM	Similar basal endogenous glucose production in normal subjects and T2DM, but increased basal glucose levels of ∼8 mm in T2DM compared to normal ∼5 mm	9, 24
D	HGP for short term starvation and contributions to HGP from gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis	Half-filled glycogen: ∼20 μmol/kg/min of HGP at ∼3.8 mm blood glucose with ∼9 μmol/min/kg of gluconeogenesis (45%) and ∼11 μmol/kg/min of glycogenolysis (55%)	∼14.5 μmol/kg/min of HGP with ∼9.5 μmol/kg/min of gluconeogenesis (∼65%) and ∼5 μmol/kg/min of glycogenolysis (∼35%)	2, 22
		One-third glycogen: ∼13 μmol/kg/min of HGP with 7.5 μmol/kg/min of gluconeogenesis (58%) and 5.5 μmol/kg/min of glycogenolysis (42%)	∼14.5 μmol/kg/min of HGP with ∼9.5 μmol/kg/min of gluconeogenesis (∼65%) and ∼5 μmol/kg/min of glycogenolysis (∼35%)
E	HGP, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenesis	At ∼8 mm glucose T2DM similar to HGP, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenesis as the normal liver at ∼5 mm	At ∼8 mm glucose T2DM similar to HGP, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenesis as the normal liver at ∼5 mm	49