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. 2012 Oct 5;53(6):1059–1067. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1059

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Potential therapeutic mechanisms of neurorestoration using mesenchymal stem cells. MSCs secrete a variety of neurotrophic factors that promote endogenous neuronal growth, induce angiogenesis, neurogenesis and astroglial activation, encourage synaptic connection and axonal remyelination, decrease apoptosis, and regulate microglial activation primarily through paracrine actions. MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells.