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. 2012 Aug 16;9:56. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-9-56

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Copyright ©2012 Takahashi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Temporal sequence of ERD.a: An example of ERD appearance. The ERD appearance was determined every 500 ms in the intervention experiment. b: An example of stimulation sequence in the intervention experiment, which is modulated by ERD appearance shown in (a). The amplitude of stimulation intensity changed dependent on the ERD appearance. When the amplitude reached the maximum step, the current was returned to zero (arrow). c: An enlarged view of (b). The amplitude of current pulse train (50 Hz rectangle pulses; 1.2 ms width) was modulated. d: For FES training without ERD (control experiment), the stimulation sequence consisting of two trapezoidal forms was used.