Table 3:
Fasting serum TAC, SOD, CAT, G-PX, G-RD, MDA and Pro-Carbonyl at baseline and Postintervention in four groups1
| Treatment group | EPA+E (n=34) | EPA (n=34) | E (n=32) | P (n=36) | Treatment effect (p)2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPA | EPA+E | E | ||||||
| TAC (mg/dl) | Baseline | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | +0.2 ± 0.3 | +0.3 ± 0.3 | +0.0 ± 0.3 |
| Postintervention | 3.1± 0.3* | 3.1± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3* | 2.9 ± 0.3 | ||||
| SOD (U/gHb) | Baseline | 1068.9±350.4 | 1061.7±241.1 | 990.1±243.1 | 1071.4±250.9 | +134.7±71.7 | +4.5±78.3 | +20.7±72.9 |
| Postintervention | 1130.9± 257.8 | 1139.5±238.1* | 1038.0±237.3 | 1039.1±228.6 | ||||
| CAT (U/gHb) | Baseline | 202.1±34.6 | 205.0± 30.9 | 203.4± 32.0 | 201.8± 39.2 | +23.6±14.9 | +6.3±16.2 | +5.0 ±15.1 |
| Postintervention | 217.4±48.3* | 221.7±58.8 | 214.7± 53.8 | 200.5± 48.0 | ||||
| G-PX (U/gHb) | Baseline | 43.8± 6.7 | 40.9±5.8 | 44.5 ± 8.1 | 42.5± 5.7 | +0.6± 1.9 | +1.4 ± 2.0 | +2.6 ± 1.9 |
| Postintervention | 44.8± 6.2 | 43.0±8.0* | 46.4 ± 7.1 | 42.3± 4.6 | ||||
| G-RD (U/gHb) | Baseline | 5.4 ±1.8 | 4.4 ±1.4 | 4.4 ±2.3 | 4.6± 1.4 | −0.1± 0.5 | +0.9± 0.5 | +0.3± 0.5 |
| Postintervention | 5.7±1.7 | 4.8 ±1.7* | 5.0 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | ||||
| MDA (ng/ml) | Baseline | 2.1± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.3± 0.6 | −0.2± 0.1 | −0.3± 0.1 | −0.3± 0.1 |
| Postintervention | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ±0.3* | 2.0 ± 0.6* | 2.1± 0.4 | ||||
| Pro-Carbonyl (nmol/mg protein) | Baseline | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3± 0.3 | −0.2± 0.0 | −0.3± 0.1‡ | −0.2 ± 0.0‡ |
| Postintervention | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ±0.2* | 1.2 ± 0.2* | 1.2± 0.5 | ||||
x-bar ± SD. There were no significant differences between the four groups at baseline (by UNIANOVA).
Significantly different from before and after treatment (by paired t-test) within groups: P< 0.01.
x̄ ± SEM, A general linear model (ANCOVA) was used to assess treatment effects on Postintervention values adjustment for age, sex, BMI, duration of diagnosed diabetes and baseline valuse.
Significantly changes for each of the three treatment groups relative to the corn oil group. [EPA= eicosapentaenoic acid; E= Vitamin E; TAC= Total Capacity of Antioxidant; CAT= Catalase; SOD= Superoxide Dismutase; G-PX= Glutathione Peroxidase; G-RD= Glutathione Reductase; MDA= Malondialdehyde; Pro-Carbonyl = Protein Carbonyl].