Table 3:
Distribution of out-of-pocket expenditures by service type, among the nonelderly population in Turkey 2002–2003
| US$ average oop expenses | (%) Distribution of average OOP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Stays | Ambulatory Care Visits | Prescription Medication | Other Services | ||
| Total | 74.3 (4.4) | 17.3 (0.8) | 37.3 (2.4) | 39.3 (2.4) | 6.1 (0.5) |
| persons with burden≤ %20 of income | 13.5 (0.7) | 18.5 (1.0) | 30 (4.2) | 45.9 (4.2) | 5.6 (0.7) |
| persons with burden> %20 of income insurance coverage | 435.3** (27.9) | 15.8 (1.1) | 46.8** (1.5) | 30.8** (1.4) | 6.7 (0.7) |
| Active Civil Servants | 62.6 (20.6) | 14.4 (2.5) | 27.8 (3.1) | 48.3 (3.6) | 9.5 (1.9) |
| SSK active | 79.8 (10.4) | 16 (1.4) | 39.9** (2.0) | 35.9** (2.0) | 8.2 (1.2) |
| Bag-Kur active | 88.9 (14.0) | 15.1 (2.2) | 40.2* (4.8) | 41 (4.6) | 3.6** (1.0) |
| GERF | 46.9 (11.1) | 20.1 (3.8) | 29 (5.4) | 46 (5.4) | 4.9 (2.1) |
| SSK pensioned | 89.9 (15.8) | 13.6 (1.4) | 41.6** (2.1) | 41.3 (2.1) | 3.6** (1.1) |
| Bag-Kur pensioned | 99.3 (27.7) | 17.2 (3.3) | 41.4* (4.6) | 37.9 (4.8) | 3.4* (1.5) |
| Green Card | 48.1 (5.3) | 32.4** (2.7) | 29 (2.7) | 34.8** (2.8) | 3.8** (1.1) |
| Uninsured | 73.9 (5.9) | 17.2 (1.3) | 37.7 (8.5) | 38.8 (8.5) | 6.3 (1.0) |
Source: Authors’ calculations using data from the 2002–2003 National Household Health and Expenditure Survey. Survey has been done in September 2002/ April 2003 period. Thus we employed average exchange rate of this period (1 US $ = 1.6 YTL) to convert family income and OOP spending on health into dollar terms.
Notes: Standard errors of means are in parentheses.
**
[*] Difference from the reference category is significant at 1 [5]% level. Those with burden <20% of income are the reference category. The reference category in the bottom section is active civil servants.