. 2011 Dec 31;40(4):1–30.

Table 2:

World maximum tolerated levels of mycotoxins in human foodstuffs, dairy products and animal feedstuffs in 2002/2003 survey, according to different countries regulations (21)

Country	Food Item	Mycotoxin type	Limit (μg/kg)
Algeria	Peanut, nut, cereals	afla B1	10
	Peanut, nut, cereals	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	Cattle feed	afla B1	20

Antigua and Bar-buda	-	-	-

Argentina	see MERCOSUR member state (harmonized regulations)

Armenia	all foods	afla B1	5
Armenia	milk	afla M1	0. 5

Australia (all regulations harmonized with New Zealand)	Peanuts, tree nuts	afla B1B2G1G2	15
Australia[Eu member state])	Other products[outside EU regulations]	afla B1	1
Australia[Eu member state])	Other products[outside EU regulations]	afla B1B2G1G2	5

Bahamas	-	-	-
Bahrain	-	-	-
Bangladesh	feed (maize, rice polish and mixed feed for poultry)	afla B1B2G1G2	100μg/kg is used in practice

Barbados	all foods	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	milk	afla M1	0. 5
	all feedstuffs	afla B1B2G1G2	50

Belarus	grain, leguminous plants	afla B1	5
	infant food	afla B1	not allowed
	butter, milk protein concentrate	afla M1	0. 5
	infant food	afla M1	not allowed

Belgium (Eu member State)	see EU

Belize	maize, groundnut	afla B1B2G1G2	20

Benin	-	-	-
Bolivia	-	-	-

Bosnia & Herzego-vina (FAO 1997)	wheat, maize, rice, cereals	afla B1G1	1
Bosnia & Herzego-vina (FAO 1997)	beans	afla B1G1	5

Brazil additional regulations of Brazil:	MERCOSUR member state
	all foodstuffs	afla B1G1	30
	feed (animal feed and ingredients: hay cotton, peanut, rice, oats, residues of bird bowels, babassu, cocoa, sugar cane (residue-pulp), linhaça, dendĕ, manioc, sunflower, crisălidas, malt, wheat, soya, yeast (sugar cane subproducts)	afla B1B2G1G2	50

Bulgaria	see EU

Burkina Faso	-	-	-

Cameroon	-	-	-

Canada	nuts and nut products all feeds	afla B1B2G1G2	15
		aflaB1B2G1G2	20
Chile	all foods	afla B1B2G1G2	5
	milk	afla M1	0. 05
	complete feedingstuffs for poultry, goats and cattle complete feedingstuffs for other animals	afla B1B2G1G2	30
		afla B1B2G1G2	10
	all ingredients for use in animal feed except peanuts and derivatives, cottonseed and derivatives, maize and derivatives		50
	peanuts and derivatives, cottonseed and derivatives, maize and derivatives	afla B1B2G1G2	200

China	maize and maize products, peanut and peanut products, peanut oil, irradiated pea nut	afla B1	20
	rice, irradiated rice, edible vegetable oil		10
	soya bean sauce, grain paste, vinegar, other grains, beans, fermented foods, fermented bean products, starch products, fermented wine, red rice, butter cake, pastry biscuit and bread, food additive glucoamylase preparation, salad oil		5
	infant formula-soybean based, infant formula ′5410′, formulated weaning supplementary foods (rice, soybean, wheat flour, milk powder)	afla M1	non-detectable
	milk and milk products food for infants and young children, infant formula milk powder		0. 5
			non-detectable
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS created in 1963 by FAO and WHO in 2003 the codex alimentarius commission had 168 member countries	peanut, raw	afla B1B2G1G2	15
	milk	afla M1	0. 5

Colombia	all foods	afla B1B2G1G2	10
		aflaM1	10
		afla M2	10
	maize feed:	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	maize and maize products	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	sorghum		40
	rabbit/trout feeds		10
	poultry/dog/cat/fish feeds		20
	bovine/pig feeds		50

Costa Rica ( FAO1997)	maize	afla B1B2G1G2	35
Costa Rica ( FAO1997)	feed (maize)	afla B1B2G1G2	50

Cote d’Ivory (FAO1997)	straight feedstuffs	afla B1B2G1G2	100
	complete feedstuffs		10
	complete feedstuffs for pigs/poultry except young animals/ducks		38
	complete feedstuffs for cattle/sheep/goats		75
	complete foodstuffs for dairy cattle		50

Croatia	cereals, beans, peanuts, coffee, tea	afla B1	5
	spices		30
	cocoa, beans, almonds, flours, hazelnuts, walnuts	afla B1B2G1G2	3
	milk, milk products	afla M1	0. 5

Cuba	Cereals, peanuts, cocoa mass	afla B1	5
	all foods	afla B1B2G1G2	5
	all feeds and feed ingredients	afla B1B2G1G2	5

Cyprus	see EU

Czech Republic	see EU

Denmark	see EU

Dominican Republic	maize (products), groundnut, soya, tomato (products)	afla B1G1	0
Dominican Republic	imported maize	afla B1B2G1G2	20

Ecuador	-	-	-

Egypt	peanut and cereals	afla B1	5
	peanut and cereals	afla B1B2G1G2	10
	corn	afla B1	10
	corn	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	animal and chicken feed	afla B1	10
	animal and chicken feed	afla B1B2G1G2	20

Estonia	see EU

Ethiopia	-	-

European Union: ( EU )	EU member states: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
	groundnuts, nuts and dried fruit and processed products thereof, intended for direct human consumption or as an ingredient in foodstuffs	afla B1	2
		afla B1B2G1G2	4
	groundnuts to be subjected to sorting or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs	afla B1	8
		afla B1B2G1G2	15
	nuts and dried fruit to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuff	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	10
	cereal (including buckwheat t, Fagupyrum sp.) an processed products thereof in tended for direct human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs	afla B1	2
		afla B1B2G1G2	4
	cereal (including buckwheat, Fagupyrum sp.), with the exception of maize, to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in food-stuffs	afla B1	2
		afla B1B2G1G2	4
	maize to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	10
	spices:Capsicum spp. (dried fruits thereof, whole or ground, including chillies, chilli powder, cayenne and paprika); Piper spp. (fruits thereof, including white and black pepper); Myristica fragrans (nutmeg); Zingiber officinale ( ginger); Curcuma longa	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	10
	milk (raw milk, milk for the manufacture of milk-based products and heat –treated milk as defined by Council Directive 92/46/EEC, as last amended by Council Directive 94/71/EC)	aflaM1	0. 05
	all feed materials	aflaB1	20
	complete feedingstuffs for cattle, sheep and goats with the exception of:
	-complete feedingstuffs for dairy animals		20
	-complete feedingstuffs for calves and lambs
	complete feedingstuffs for dairy animals		5
	complete feedingstuffs for calves and lambs		10
	complete feedingstuffs for pigs and poultry (except young animals)		20
	other complete feedingstuffs		10
	complementary feedingstuffs for cattle, sheep and goats (except complementary feedingstuffs for dairy animals, calves and lambs		20
	complementary feedingstuffs for pigs and poultry (except young animals)		20
	other complementary feedingstuffs		5

Finland	see EU

France	see EU

Germany	see EU
Ghana	-	-	-

Greece	see EU

Guatemala [FAO1997]	maize, kidney beans, rice, sorghum, groundnuts, ground butter	afla B1B2G1G2	20
Guatemala [FAO1997]	feed (concentrate)	afla B1B2G1G2	20



Honduras [FAO1997]	all foods	afla B2G1G2	1
	maize (ground or whole grain)	afla B1	1
	baby food	afla B1B2G1G2	0. 01
	milk (products)	afla M1	0. 02
	cheese	aflaM1	0. 05
	cheese		0. 25

Hong Kong	foods	afla B1	15
		afla B1B2G1G2	15
		afla M1	15
	peanuts, peanut products	afla B1	20
	peanuts, peanut products	afla B1B2G1G2	20

		afla M1	20

Hungary	see EU

Iceland	see EU

India	all food products	afla B1B2G1G2	30
	all food products	aflaM1	30
	feed: peanut meal (export)	aflaB1	120

Indonesia	peanuts, coconuts, spices, traditional drugs/medicine/herbs	aflaB1B2G1G2	20
Indonesia	milk, cheese	aflaM1	5

Iran, Islamic republic of	pistachio nuts, peanuts, walnuts, other nuts and edible seeds	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	15
	dates, dried grapes (raisins and sultanas), figs and all dried fruits	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	15
	babhy food based on cereals with milk	afla B1	1
	babhy food based on cereals with milk	afla M1	1
	barley	afla B1	10
	barley	afla B1B2G1G2	50
	maize, rice	afla B1	5
	maize, rice	afla B1B2G1G2	30
	wheat	afla B1	5
	wheat	afla B1B2G1G2	15
	legumes	afla B1	5
	legumes	afla B1B2G1G2	10
	milk[raw, pasteurized, sterilized]	aflaM1	0. 05
	milk powder
	milk powder for babies (after reconstitution)		0. 5
	cheese		0. 01
	butter, gee		0. 2
	other dairy products		0. 02
	feed: cotton seed meal		0. 05
	fishmeal, meat meal, bone meal, blood meal, single cell protein, rice and wheat bran: intended for sheep, goats and beef cattle	afla B1	15
		afla B1B2G1G2	50
		aflaB1	10
	intended for poultry, calf, lamb, kid, dairy sheep, goats and cattle	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	20
	soya bean meal, sunflower meal, sesame seed meal, olive meal and other meals from oil producing seeds:
	intended for sheep, goats and beef cattle	afla B1	10
	intended for sheep, goats and beef cattle	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	intended for poultry, calf, lamb, kid, dairy, sheep, dairy sheep, dairy goats and dairy cattle maize:	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	20
	intended for sheep, goats and beef cattle, poultry, calf, lamb, kid, dairy sheep, dairy goats and dairy cattle premixes including vitamins and mineral premixes:	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	20
	intended for sheep goats and beef cattle	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	intended for calf, lamb, kid, dairy sheep, goats and cattle intended for poultry complete feed:	aflaB1	5
			10
	intended for sheep, goats and beef cattle	aflaB1	50
	intended for calf, lamb, kid, dairy sheep, goats and cattle	afla B1	5
	intended for calf, lamb, kid, dairy sheep, goats and cattle	afla B1B2G1G2	10
	intended for layers and breeders (broilers and layers)	aflaB1	20
	intended for layers and breeders (broilers and layers)	aflaB1	10
	intended for broilers and pullet intended for parent and grandparent stocks	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	20

Iraq	-	-	-

Ireland	see Eu

Israel	nuts, peanuts, maize flour, figs and their products and other foods	afla B1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	15
	milk and milk products feed (all grains)	aflaM1	0. 05
	milk and milk products feed (all grains)	afla B1B2G1G2	20

Italy	see Eu

Jamaica[FAO1997]	food, grains	afla B1B2G1G2	20

Japan	all foods feed:	afla B1	10
Japan	compound feeds for cattle (except calves, dairy cows), pigs (except piglets), chicken (except young chicken, broilers) and quails	afla B1	20

Jordan	almonds, cereals, maize, peanuts, pistachio nuts, pine nuts, rice	afla B1	15
		afla B1B2G1G2	30
	all feedstuffs	afla B1	15
	all feedstuffs	afla B1B2G1G2	30

Kenya[FAO1997]	peanut (product)s, vegetable oils	afla B1B2G1G2	20

orea, Republic of	grains, soy-bean, peanuts, nuts, wheat and the products made from these by simple processing such as grinding and cutting milk and milk products feed:	afla B1	10
		aflaM1	0. 5
	compound feeds for calfs, chicken, piglets, broilers (early stage)and dairy cattle other compound feeds (except premixes)	aflaB1	10
		aflaB1	20
	feed ingredients:vegetable proteins, grains, by-products of grains and food		50

Kuwait	infant and children food liquid milk and milk products[except dried milk]	afla B1B2G1G2	0. 05
Kuwait		afla B1B2G1G2	0. 2

Latvia	see EU

Liechtenstein	see EU

Lithuania	see EU

Luxembourg	see EU

Macedonia	wheat, maize, rice, bean	aflaB1G1	1
Macedonia	wheat, maize, rice, bean	afla B1G1	5

Malavi[FAo1997]	peanuts (export)	aflaB1	5
Malaysia[FAO1997]	all foods	aflaB1B2G1G2	35

Malta	nuts, dried fruit, cereals	afla B1	2
	nuts, dried fruit, cereals	afla B1B2G1G2	4
	milk	aflaM1	0. 05

Mauritius [FAO 1997]	all foods	aflaB1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	10
		aflaM1M2	10
	groundnuts	aflaB1	5
		afla B1B2G1G2	15
		aflaM1M2	15
MERCOSUR:	member states: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay peanuts, maize and products thereof	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	fluid milk	aflaM1	0. 5
	powdered milk		5

Mexico	cereals and products	afla B1B2G1G2	20
	corn flour for tortillas		12
	feed:cereals for bovine and porcine fattening feedstuffs		200
	feedstuffs for dairy cattle/poultry		0

Moldova, republic of	cereals, legumes, flour, cocoa, nuts, coffee, sunflower, tea	alfaB1	5
Moldova, republic of	milk, cottage cheese, butter	aflaM1	0. 5
Morocco	all foods	aflaB1	10
	peanuts, pistache nuts, almonds, vegetable oils in pasta, children foods		1
	wheat meal		3
	wheat bran		10
	vegetable oils, cereals, wheat		5
	meal (complete)
	milk (product)	aflaM1	0. 05
	milk (product) forinfants under3 years		0. 03
	milk powder		0. 5
	milk powder for infants under 3 years		0. 3
	feed: simple feedstuffs (except peanuts, copra, cottonseed, babassu, maize and their products)	aflaB1	50
	peanuts, copra, cottonseed, babassu, maize and their products complete feedstuffs for cattle, sheep and goats (except for dairy animals, calves and lambs)		20
			50
	complete feedstuffs for dairy animals		5
	complete feedstuffs for calves and lambs		10
	complete feedstuffs for pigs and poultry (except young animals)		20
	other complete feedstuffs		10
	complementary feedstuffs for cattle, sheep and goats (except for dairy animals, calves and lambs)		50
	complementary feedstuffs for pigs and poultry (except young animals)		30
	other complementary feedstuffs, especially dairy animals		10

Mozambique	peanut, peanut milk	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	milk	aflaM1	Unknown
	feed: peanut, maize, peanut	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	butter	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	cereals and feedstuffs	aflaB1	unknown
	feedstuff

Myanmar	-	-	-

Nepal	cereals	aflaB1	20
Nepal	feedstuffs		50

Netherlands	see EU

New Zealand	see Australia

Nicaragua	-	-	-

Nigeria	foodstuffs	aflaB1	20

Norway	see EU

Oman	complete foodstuffs	aflaB1	10
Oman	complete feedstuffs for poultry		20

Pakistan	-	-	-

Panama	-	-	-

Paraguay	see MERCOSUR

Peru	raw and processed peanuts	aflaB1B2G1G2	15
Peru	milk	aflaM1	0. 5

Philippines	nut (products) feed:	aflaB1B2G1G2	20
	mixed feed	aflaB1	20
	copra and copra products	aflaB1	20

Poland	see EU

Portugal	see EU

Qatar	-	-	-

Romania	see EU

Russian Federation	bread grains, grain legumes, cereals, oat flour, flakes, wheat flour, pasta, bread, bakery products, cocoa, nuts, tea, coffee, oil seeds, vegetable oils, wheat germ flake	aflaB1	5
	cow butter		0. 5
	milk and milk products	aflaM1	0. 5

Salvador, El	foods	aflaB1B2G1G2	20
	all feedstuffs	aflaB1	10
	supplementary feeds for porcine/poultry/dairy cattle; single composite feedstuffs; bovine/caprine/ovine feedstuffs	aflaB1	20

Saudi Arabia	infant and children food liquid milk and milk products[except dried milk]	all afla	0. 05
Saudi Arabia		all afla	0. 2

Senegal[FAO1997]	peanut products (straight feedstuffs)	aflaB1	50
Senegal[FAO1997]	peanut products (feedstuff ingredients)		300

Serbia and Montenegro	wheat, corn, rice, barley, bean, peas, rosted coffee, roasted peanut, tea	aflaB1	5
	meat and meat products		0. 5
	spices		30
	milk and milk products	aflaB1	0. 5
	milk and milk products	aflaM1	0. 5
	feed for chicken, pigs (until 50kg), calf, young turkey, duckling, cow feed for ox, sheep, goat feed for swine and poultry	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
			50
			20

Singapore	corn, nuts, and cereal products	aflaB1	not given
	corn, nuts, and cereal products	aflaB1B2G1G2	5
	milk and cheese products	aflaM1	0. 5

Slovakia	see EU

Slovenia	see EU

South Africa	all foodstuffs	aflaB1	5
		aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	milk	aflaM1	0. 05

Spain	see EU

Sri Lanka	all foods	all afla	30
Sri Lanka	food for children up to 3 years	all afla	1

Sudan	Oil seeds	aflaB1B2G1G2	see codex

Suriname[FAO199]]	maize	aflaB1B2G1G2	30
	groundnut (products), legumes	aflaB1	5
	feedstuffs	aflaB1B2G1G2	30

Sweden	see EU

Switzerland	nutmeg	aflaB1	10
	nutmeg	aflaB1B2G1G2	20
	spices	aflaB1	5
	spices	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	infant formulae and follow-on formulae	aflaB1B2G1G2	0. 01
	infant formulae and follow-on formulae	aflaM1	0. 02
	processed cereal-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children	aflaB1B2G1G2	0. 01
		aflaM1	0. 02
	all foodstuffs	aflaB1	2
	all foodstuffs	aflaB1B2G1G2	4
	milk and milk products	aflaM1	0. 05
	cheese feed:		0. 25
	babassu seed, cotton seed, peanut, coconut, maize kernel	aflaB1	200
	complementary for lactating bovine animals, lactating sheep and lactating goats		5
	other complete and complementary feeds		10

Syrian Arab Republic	peanuts and pistachio	aflaB1	5
	baby food	aflaB1B2G1G2	005
	pulses, mixed nuts, oil seeds and products thereof		20
	liquid milk	aflaM1	0. 2
	dried milk[not used in baby food]	aflaM1	0. 05
	domestic feed	aflaB1B2G1G2	20
	livestock cattle feed		10

Taiwan Province of China	peanut, corn, maize	aflaB1B2G1G2	15
	rice, sorghum, legumes, nuts, wheat and barley, oats		10
	edible oils and fats		10
	other foods		10
	infant food		not detectable
	milk	aflaM1	0. 5
	milk powder		5
	maize (raw material)	aflaB1B2G1G2	50
	all feedstuffs	aflaB1	25–100
Tanzania, United Republic of	cereals, oil seeds	aflaB1	5
	cereals, oil seeds	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	feeds	aflaB1	5
	feeds	aflaB1B2G1G2	10

Thailand	all food products	aflaB1B2G1G2	20

Trinidad and Tobago	-	-	-

Tunisia	all products	aflaB1	2
	all products	aflaB1B2G1G2	unknown
	milk	aflaM1	unknown

Turkey	hazelnut, peanut and other nuts; oily seed;dried fruits(fig, raisin, etc. ) and foodstuffs prodused of these, spices, and other foods	aflaB1	5
		aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	cereals and cereal flour	aflaB1	2
	cereals and cereal flour	aflaB1B2G1G2	4
	baby food	aflaB1	1
	baby food	aflaB1B2G1G2	2
	milk	aflaM1	0. 05
	milk powder		0. 05
	cheese		0. 5
	feed ingredients, mixed feed for rominants except young animals		0. 25
		aflaB1	50
	mixed feed for poultry except young animals		20

	other mixed feeds		10

Uganda	-	-	-

Ukrain	milk and dairy products; grain based baby food	aflaB1	1
	meat products, sausages, poultry; egg, grains, beans, flour, bread, all nuts, cocoa, coffee, tea, vegetable oil		5
	grain based babyfood products, babyfood for early born babies, milk and dairy products, dairy products for babyfood	aflaM1	0. 5
	combined feed for non-productive animals	aflaB1	10
	combined feed for poultry		25
	combined feed for cows in the period of lactation
	combined feed for calves and sheep older than 4 months, animals for meat, breeding bulls		50
			100

United Arab Emirates	-	-	-

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	see EU

United States of America	all foods except milk	aflaB1B2G1G2	20
	milk feed:	aflaM1	05
	corn and peanut products intended for fishing (i. e., feedlot) beef cattle	aflaB1B2G1G2	300
	cottonseed meal intended for beef cattle, swine, or poultry		300
	corn and peanut products intended for finishing swine of 100 pound or greater		200
	corn and peanut products intended for breeding beef cattle, breeding swine, or mature poultry		100
	corn and peanut products and other animal feeds and feed ingredients, excluding cottonseed meal, intended for immature animals		20

Uruguay	MERCOSUR member state

Venezuela	corn, corn flour, peanuts, peanut	aflaB1B2G1G2	20
	butter
	fluid milk	aflaM1	0. 5
	milk powder		5

Viet Nam	Foodstuffs	aflaB1B2G1G2	10
	Foodstuffs	total of other mycotoxins	35
	milk and milk products	aflaM1	0. 5

Yemen	no official regulations, but some control takes place

Zambia	-	-	-
Zimbabwe	foods	aflaB1	5
	groundnuts, maize, sorghum	aflaB1	5
	groundnuts, maize, sorghum	aflaG1	4
	feedstuffs	aflaB1B2G1G2	unknown
	poultry feed	aflaB1G1	10