Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of Pima Indian youth according to diabetes.

	No Diabetes	Diabetes
N	3,856	103
Male	1,876	40
Female	1,980	63
Age (years)	13.0 ± 3.8	14.5 ± 3.0
Duration of diabetes (years)*	-	1.3(0-2.1)
BMI (kg/m2)	25.7 ± 7.3	34.9 ± 7.4
BMI SDS	1.34±1.01	2.25±0.50
HbA1c (%)	5.0 ± 0.5	8.1 ± 3.0
2-hour plasma glucose (mmol/L)	5.7 ± 1.3	16.9 ± 6.0
MAP (mmHg)	75.9 ± 10.1	83.6 ± 9.9
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	56 ± 15	55 ± 11
Estimated GFR†	141±21	154±27
ACR (mg/g)‡	UD (UD-8.9)	6.6 (UD-21.9)
Percentiles of ACR (mg/g) by age group
Age 5-9 years	N=982	N=4§
50th	UD
75th	11.4
95th	51.3
Age 10-14 years	N=1,469	N=48
50th	UD	8.5
75th	9.1	23.6
95th	48.3	190.2
Age 15-19 years	N=1,405	N=51
50th	UD	5.2
75th	7.4	20.9
95th	27.7	210.0

Abbreviations: ACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; BMI SDS, body mass index standard deviation score; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; UD, undetectable albuminuria.

^*Statistics are mean and standard deviation

^‡%median (25^th-75^th percentile).

^†Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the Schwartz equation [19] in subjects less than 18 years of age and by the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation [20] in those 18 years and older.

^§Percentiles not reported due to the small number of subjects.