Table 3.

Proportional hazard model for time until crossover from standard of care to pain and palliative care

Analysis of maximum likelihood estimates
Variable	DF	Parameter estimate	Standard error	Chi-square	P value	Hazard ratio
APACHE IIa	1	0.02509	0.12079	0.0431	0.8354	1.025
Depressionb	1	0.10933	0.05492	3.9626	0.0465	1.116
Pain intensityc	1	−0.19748	0.13152	2.2544	0.1332	0.821
Pain unpleasantnessc	1	0.31143	0.14082	4.8905	0.0270	1.365
Symptom distressc	1	−0.01831	0.04673	0.1535	0.6952	0.982

^aWithin 24 h postop,

^bat baseline (preop),

^cTime-varying covariate