APPENDIX B.

Complete Sets of Introductory phrases used in Experiments 1 and 2

Trial		Familiarization	Contrast		Test
					Baseline	Response1
Waving Balloon	Verb	Look, the man is larping a balloon. The man is larping another balloon. Do you see the man larping a balloon? Look, the man is larping a balloon!	Uh oh! He’s not larping that!	Yay! He is larping that!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is he larping? or Where is he larping something?
	Noun	Look, the man is waving a larp. The man is waving another larp. Do you see the man waving a larp? Look, the man is waving a larp!	Uh oh! That’s not a larp!	Yay! That is a larp!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is a larp? or Where is a larp?
	No Word	Wow, look what’s happening here. Look at this. Do you see that? Hey, look there!	Uh oh! Look at that!	Yay! Look at this!	Now look. They’re different.		What do you see now?
Washing Cup	Verb	Look, the girl is semming a cup. The girl is semming another cup. Do you see the girl semming a cup? Look, the girl is semming a cup!	Uh oh! She’s not semming that!	Yay! She is semming that!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is she semming? or Where is she semming something?
	Noun	Look, the girl is washing a sem. The girl is washing another sem. Do you see the girl washing a sem? Look, the girl is washing a sem!	Uh oh! That’s not a sem!	Yay! That is a sem!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is a sem? or Where is a sem?
	No Word	Wow, look what’s happening here. Look at this. Do you see that? Hey, look there!	Uh oh! Look at that!	Yay! Look at this!	Now look. They’re different.		What do you see now?
Pushing Chair	Verb	Look, the man is dacking a chair. The man is dacking another chair. Do you see the man dacking a chair? Look, the man is dacking a chair!	Uh oh! He’s not dacking that!	Yay! He is dacking that!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is he dacking? or Where is he dacking something?
	Noun	Look, the man is pushing a dacket. The man is pushing another dacket. Do you see the man pushing a dacket? Look, the man is pushing a dacket!	Uh oh! That’s not a dacket!	Yay! That is a dacket!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is a dacket? or Where is a dacket?
	No Word	Wow, look what’s happening here. Look at this. Do you see that? Hey, look there!	Uh oh! Look at that!	Yay! Look at this!	Now look. They’re different.		What do you see now?
Twirling Umbrella	Verb	Look, the girl is wugging an umbrella. The girl is wugging another umbrella. Do you see the girl wugging an umbrella? Look, the girl is wugging an umbrella!	Uh oh! He’s not wugging that!	Yay! He is wugging that!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is he wugging? or Where is he wugging something?
	Noun	Look, the girl is twirling a wuggit. The girl is twirling another wuggit. Do you see the girl twirling a wuggit? Look, the girl is twirling a wuggit!	Uh oh! That’s not a wuggit!	Yay! That is a wuggit!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is a wuggit? or Where is a wuggit?
	No Word	Wow, look what’s happening here. Look at this. Do you see that? Hey, look there!	Uh oh! Look at that!	Yay! Look at this!	Now look. They’re different.		What do you see now?
Pulling Bunny	Verb	Look, the man is toping a bunny. The man is toping another bunny. Do you see the man toping a bunny? Look, the man is toping a bunny!	Uh oh! She’s not toping that!	Yay! She is toping that!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is she toping? or Where is she toping something?
	Noun	Look, the man is pulling a topin. The man is pulling another topin. Do you see the man pulling a topin? Look, the man is pulling a topin!	Uh oh! That’s not a topin!	Yay! That is a topin!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is a topin? or Where is a topin?
	No Word	Wow, look what’s happening here. Look at this. Do you see that? Hey, look there!	Uh oh! Look at that!	Yay! Look at this!	Now look. They’re different.		What do you see now?
Petting Dog	Verb	Look, the girl is pilking a dog. The girl is pilking another dog. Do you see the girl pilking a dog? Look, the girl is pilking a dog!	Uh oh! He’s not pilking that!	Yay! He is pilking that!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is he pilking? or Where is he pilking something?
	Noun	Look, the girl is petting a pilker. The girl is petting another pilker. Do you see the girl petting a pilker? Look, the girl is petting a pilker!	Uh oh! That’s not a pilker!	Yay! That is a pilker!	Now look. They’re different.		Which one is a pilker? or Where is a pilker?
	No Word	Wow, look what’s happening here. Look at this. Do you see that? Hey, look there!	Uh oh! Look at that!	Yay! Look at this!	Now look. They’re different.		What do you see now?

¹Each infant heard the following construction “Which one is he/she Xing?” (Verb condition) or “Which one is a X?” (Noun condition) on three of their six trials. On the remaining three trials, the infants heard “Where is he/she Xing something?” (Verb condition) or “Where is a X?” (Noun condition).