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. 2012 Sep;102(9):1742–1750. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300477

TABLE 4—

Multivariate Associations of SES Indicators With 12-Month DSM-IV Mood, Anxiety, Disruptive Behavior, and Substance Disorders: National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement, February 2001–January 2004

Indicator Mood Disorders, OR (95% CI) Anxiety Disorders, OR (95% CI) Disruptive Behavior Disorders, OR (95% CI) Substance Disorders, OR (95% CI) χ2 (P)
Parent education 11.1 (.27)a
 < high school 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) 1.5* (1.1, 2.2) 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) 1.5 (0.8, 2.9)
 High school 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) 1.1 (0.7, 1.7)
 Some college 1.4* (1.1, 1.7) 1.3* (1.0, 1.7) 1.3* (1.0, 1.8) 1.6* (1.0, 2.6)
 χ22 (P) 7.4 (.06) 8.7* (.034) 4.8 (.187) 6.7 (.083)
Family Income 25.7* (.002)a
 < 1.5 × poverty 0.7 (0.5, 1.2) 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) 0.5* (0.3, 1.0)
 > 1.5 and < 3 × poverty 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) 0.6 (0.3, 1.1)
 > 3 and < 6 × poverty 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) 0.8 (0.5, 1.2)
 χ22 (P) 3.1 (.375) 1.4 (.704) 3.2 (.358) 5.0 (.173)
Relative SES indicators 64.8* (< .001)a
 Relative deprivation 1.1* (1.0, 1.1) 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) 6.3 (.1)b
 Tract-level inequality 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) 7.4 (.06)b
 Subjective social status 0.8* (0.7, 0.9) 0.8* (0.8, 0.9) 0.7* (0.7, 0.8) 0.7* (0.6, 0.8) 14.0* (.003)b

Note. CI = confidence interval; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; OR = odds ratio; SES = socioeconomic status. Models were estimated in a logistic regression framework that included all indicators of SES (parent education, parent income, tract-level relative deprivation, subjective social status, and tract-level inequality) and controlled for age, gender, and ethnicity. The associations of the 9 SES indicators differed significantly across the 4 disorder classes, χ227 = 250.6, P < .001. The sample size was n = 6483.

a

Chi-square test for variation in the association of each group of SES indicators (parent education, family income, and relative SES) across the 4 disorder classes.

b

Chi-square test for variation in the association of each individual relative SES indicator with mental disorder across the 4 disorder classes.

*P < .05, 2-sided test.