TABLE 1—

Stakeholder-Identified Health Impact Pathways: Health Impact Assessment of a Cap-and-Trade Framework, California, December 2010

Policy Change	Intermediate Policy Impact	Health Determinants	Intermediate Outcomes	Health Outcomes
A cap-and-trade program	Create a market for and price on greenhouse gas emissions	Emissions and pollution	Changes in air pollutants (air resources board assesses as part of the regulatory process)	Air-related health impacts
		Employment impacts	Employment shifts by sector	Changes in workplace morbidity
			Jobs created or lost	Health care access
			Change in income	Stress and well-being
				Income or expenditure shifts
		Energy costs	Change in air conditioning or other energy use	Heat-related mortality
			Encourage energy efficiency	Air quality–related health outcomes
			Household spending shifts	Stress and well-being
				Income and expenditure shifts
	Emission offset projects	Offset project environmental impacts	Highly variable, depending on offset protocols approved	Wide range of health impacts, depending on the specific offset project and its location
	Generation of program revenue	Distribution of allowance revenue	Broad, depending on revenue distribution and use	Wide range of health impacts, depending on revenue use and distribution