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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2012 Oct 4;76(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.010

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Modulation. Extrinsic modulation comes from outside the circuit or modulated target. Intrinsic modulation refers to neurons that are part of a circuit and release modulators that can alter the properties of other circuit elements. Drawing loosely after Katz and Frost (Katz and Frost, 1996).