. 2012 Oct 26;7(10):e47860. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047860

Table 3. Unadjusted and Adjusted Linear Regression Analyses of Pain as a Linear Function of Each Adipokine and Significant Determinants.

	Unadjusted Analyses				Multivariable Linear Regression Adjusted Analyses
	β	SE	P	R²	β	SE	P	R²
Women Only
Leptin	0.01	0.02	0.40	0.02	−0.05	0.03	0.06	0.30
Adiponectin HMW	−0.01	0.16	0.94	0.00	0.07	0.15	0.62	0.22
Adiponectin MMW	−0.07	0.83	0.93	0.00	0.22	0.85	0.79	0.22
Adiponectin Total	−0.02	0.13	0.90	0.00	0.04	0.12	0.74	0.22
Resistin	−0.12	0.11	0.29	0.03	−0.19	0.11	0.08	0.30
Ratio Lep/Adip Total	0.10	0.11	0.35	0.03	−0.20	0.16	0.23	0.25
Coronary Art. Disease	−3.89	2.34	0.11	0.08	−4.42	2.33	0.06	0.21
Thyroid Disease	0.50	0.82	0.55	0.01	0.78	0.79	0.33	0.21
Diabetes Mellitus	0.62	0.96	0.52	0.01	0.43	0.90	0.64	0.21
Body mass index	0.10	0.05	0.07	0.10	0.10	0.05	0.06	0.21
X-ray Scores	−0.01	0.02	0.81	0.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Women and Men
Leptin	0.01	0.02	0.59	0.01	−0.05	0.03	0.04^¶	0.36
Adiponectin HMW	−0.09	0.14	0.55	0.01	0.07	0.14	0.62	0.28
Adiponectin MMW	−0.35	0.78	0.66	0.01	0.20	0.79	0.80	0.28
Adiponectin Total	−0.07	0.12	0.57	0.01	0.04	0.12	0.74	0.28
Resistin	−0.09	0.11	0.42	0.02	−0.20	0.10	0.05	0.35
Ratio Lep/Adip Total	0.08	0.10	0.44	0.02	−0.19	0.15	0.20	0.31
Body mass index	0.10	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.24	0.08	0.00^¶	0.36
Coronary Art. Disease	−4.10	2.27	0.08	0.08	−5.68	2.18	0.01^¶	0.36
Thyroid Disease	0.11	0.78	0.89	0.00	0.94	0.71	0.20	0.36
Diabetes Mellitus	0.31	0.92	0.74	0.00	0.71	0.82	0.40	0.36
Gender	−1.82	1.08	0.10	0.07	−1.60	1.06	0.14	0.36
X-ray scores	−0.00	0.02	0.87	0.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Notes: In adjusted analyses, we retained only gender, history of coronary artery disease, thyroid disease, and diabetes mellitus, and the other significant covariates selected during model building as defined by p value<0.10. Unadjusted linear regression analysis was not performed in male participants due to the small sample size (N = 5). HMW, High Molecular Weight. MMW, Middle Molecular Weight. BMI, body mass index. VAS, visual-analog-scale. β refers to the beta coefficient estimated in linear regression models. SE, standard error.

^¶

With adipokine serum concentrations not forced into the models, adjusted for gender, history of coronary artery disease, thyroid disease, and diabetes mellitus, we found leptin, BMI, history of coronary artery disease were associated with pain, while thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and gender were insiginificant, as defined by p-value>0.05.