Figure 9. Screen shot of the visualization application showing the effect of calcium salts on the anti-bacterial activity of CeO₂ NPs at a) 0 ppm nanoparticle concentration and b) 4.3 ppm nanoparticle concentration.

The concentrations of MgSO₄, KCl and NOM is set to 0, CaCl₂ and E. coli are at 15 ppm and 2.36×10⁷ CFU/mL respectively whereas RPM and fructose are set at 200 RPM and 50 ppm respectively.