Table 1.
Average architectural parameters for muscles of the mouse upper arm and forearm
| Muscle (n = 6) | Muscle length (mm) | Muscle mass (mg) | Fiber length (mm) | Pennation angle (deg.) | PCSA (mm2) | Lf/Lm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abductor pollicis longus* | 7.73 ± 0.37 | 4.00 ± 0.24 | 1.98 ± 0.27 | 28.18 ± 1.16 | 1.90 ± 0.15 | 0.26 ± 0.04 |
| Anconeus* | 4.05 ± 0.16 | 1.08 ± 0.07 | 2.13 ± 0.22 | 24.65 ± 2.70 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.04 |
| Biceps brachii long head | 8.56 ± 0.36 | 16.12 ± 0.67 | 5.55 ± 0.24 | 21.68 ± 1.24 | 2.60 ± 0.09 | 0.66 ± 0.05 |
| Biceps brachii short head | 9.50 ± 0.37 | 18.85 ± 2.62 | 5.98 ± 0.37 | 28.27 ± 1.26 | 2.80 ± 0.51 | 0.63 ± 0.04 |
| Brachialis | 5.53 ± 0.51 | 3.42 ± 0.82 | 4.10 ± 0.23 | 9.89 ± 2.30 | 0.83 ± 0.2 | 0.77 ± 0.07 |
| Coracobrachialis | 8.39 ± 0.24 | 4.02 ± 0.47 | 4.30 ± 0.58 | 13.85 ± 1.46 | 0.95 ± 0.13 | 0.52 ± 0.07 |
| Dorso-epitrochlearis brachii* | 6.42 ± 0.15 | 6.97 ± 0.34 | 5.49 ± 0.22 | 31.56 ± 4.06 | 1.04 ± 0.06 | 0.85 ± 0.03 |
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis* | 7.67 ± 0.28 | 7.45 ± 0.31 | 6.04 ± 0.44 | 29.49 ± 1.73 | 1.17 ± 0.11 | 0.79 ± 0.06 |
| Extensor carpi radialis longus* | 7.76 ± 0.35 | 7.20 ± 0.46 | 5.60 ± 0.47 | 26.40 ± 1.38 | 1.26 ± 0.15 | 0.73 ± 0.07 |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris* | 6.49 ± 0.24 | 4.75 ± 0.23 | 2.74 ± 0.21 | 20.80 ± 1.28 | 1.72 ± 0.16 | 0.42 ± 0.03 |
| Extensor digiti quarti* | 6.16 ± 0.24 | 0.88 ± 0.17 | 3.60 ± 0.40 | 15.74 ± 1.82 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.58 ± 0.05 |
| Extensor digiti quinti* | 5.96 ± 0.25 | 1.15 ± 0.15 | 4.06 ± 0.23 | 14.37 ± 1.50 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.68 ± 0.04 |
| Extensor digitorum communis* | 7.81 ± 0.47 | 2.78 ± 0.37 | 3.84 ± 0.16 | 18.56 ± 1.90 | 0.67 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.04 |
| Extensor digitorum lateralis* | 6.22 ± 0.17 | 1.80 ± 0.23 | 4.38 ± 0.43 | 22.81 ± 1.78 | 0.41 ± 0.06 | 0.71 ± 0.07 |
| Extensor indicis proprius* | 5.48 ± 0.30 | 0.75 ± 0.11 | 3.78 ± 0.54 | 19.00 ± 1.33 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.71 ± 0.12 |
| Flexor carpi radialis | 7.52 ± 0.29 | 5.13 ± 0.24 | 3.67 ± 0.33 | 15.02 ± 0.87 | 1.27 ± 0.10 | 0.49 ± 0.03 |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris | 8.19 ± 0.15 | 9.77 ± 0.28 | 3.80 ± 0.42 | 20.95 ± 1.51 | 2.29 ± 0.27 | 0.46 ± 0.05 |
| Flexor digitorum profundus radial head | 6.14 ± 0.14 | 2.55 ± 0.21 | 4.06 ± 0.27 | 13.98 ± 1.61 | 0.64 ± 0.10 | 0.66 ± 0.05 |
| Flexor digitorum profundus superficial head | 7.80 ± 0.09 | 5.33 ± 0.22 | 3.22 ± 0.18 | 18.14 ± 1.63 | 1.59 ± 0.15 | 0.41 ± 0.02 |
| Flexor digitorum profundus Ulnar head | 8.17 ± 0.49 | 10.85 ± 0.29 | 3.40 ± 0.24 | 18.81 ± 1.62 | 2.96 ± 0.29 | 0.43 ± 0.05 |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis | 9.99 ± 0.17 | 7.57 ± 0.19 | 2.50 ± 0.31 | 18.96 ± 2.41 | 2.84 ± 0.31 | 0.25 ± 0.03 |
| Palmaris longus | 5.96 ± 0.44 | 3.88 ± 0.34 | 3.62 ± 0.18 | 24.65 ± 2.02 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.63 ± 0.05 |
| Pronator quadratus | 4.35 ± 0.87 | 0.93 ± 0.21 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 79.47 ± 0.53 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.13 |
| Pronator teres | 6.63 ± 0.14 | 4.77 ± 0.19 | 2.56 ± 0.33 | 26.17 ± 1.92 | 1.84 ± 0.25 | 0.38 ± 0.05 |
| Triceps brachii lateral head* | 9.37 ± 0.51 | 17.50 ± 1.30 | 6.29 ± 0.35 | 23.41 ± 2.01 | 2.37 ± 0.17 | 0.68 ± 0.05 |
| Triceps brachii long head* | 10.93 ± 0.13 | 103.65 ± 3.53 | 5.32 ± 0.54 | 41.88 ± 1.33 | 15.49 ± 3.37 | 0.49 ± 0.05 |
| Triceps brachii medial head* | 8.19 ± 0.34 | 9.20 ± 1.95 | 5.10 ± 0.25 | 30.33 ± 3.67 | 1.50 ± 0.39 | 0.63 ± 0.06 |
Lf, fiber length normalized to mouse optimal sarcomere length (2.4 μm); Lm, muscle length normalized in the same way.
Values are means ± SEM.
*
Anti-gravity muscle.