Table 1.
Descriptive statistics on patients with GPs and GP-CAMs
| GP | GP-CAMs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional GP | GP-CAM anthroposophy | GP-CAM homeopathy | GP-CAM acupuncture | |
| Costs of healthcare | ||||
| Total | 515a | 479*** | 485 | 480 |
| GP | 32 | 33*** | 31*** | 32 |
| Hospital | 266 | 236*** | 251 | 235** |
| Pharmaceutical | 209 | 197* | 192 | 206 |
| Paramedic | 9 | 13*** | 10** | 8* |
| Incidence of costs of healthcare (0/1) (per quarter) | ||||
| GP | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Hospital | 0.29 | 0.28*** | 0.26*** | 0.30 |
| Pharmaceutical | 0.68 | 0.67*** | 0.62*** | 0.65*** |
| Paramedic | 0.04 | 0.06*** | 0.04** | 0.04** |
| Hosp., Pharma, and/or Paramedic | 0.72 | 0.71* | 0.66*** | 0.69*** |
| Mortality | 0.026 | 0.021 | 0.038** | 0.025 |
| Insuree characteristics | ||||
| Female (fraction) | 0.53 | 0.57*** | 0.56*** | 0.54*** |
| Birth year (average) | 1969 | 1970*** | 1965*** | 1966*** |
| Disadvantaged neighborhood (fraction)b | 0.22 | 0.09*** | 0.07*** | 0.04*** |
| Number of Azivo insurees | 151,952 | 3,271 | 1,181 | 1,470 |
| Number of GPs | 1,913 | 26 | 28 | 25 |
***, **, * indicate a statistically significant difference with conventional GP at the 1, 5, and 10% level, respectively
aCosts of healthcare are in Euros per quarter
bBased on a government list of most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the Netherlands (“Vogelaar-wijken”). These neighborhoods are uniquely identified by their 4-digit postal code