Table 3.

Effects of complementary care on costs per insuree age category

	Linear			Log-linear
	Dummy for GP-CAM anthroposophy	Dummy for GP-CAM homeopathy	Dummy for GP-CAM acupuncture	Dummy for GP-CAM anthroposophy	Dummy for GP-CAM homeopathy	Dummy for GP-CAM acupuncture
Age 0–24
Total	6a	100	−32	0.016	−0.138**	−0.052
GP	1	−2*	1	0.015	−0.043*	0.019
Hospital	3	76	−5	0.064	−0.153*	−0.034
Pharmaceutical	1	25	−27	−0.078*	−0.250***	−0.108
Paramedic	2	0	−1	0.048	−0.006	−0.008
Age 25–49
Total	14	−50	−66*	0.022	−0.160**	−0.106**
GP	2***	−3***	0	0.030**	−0.045**	−0.004
Hospital	3	4	−47**	0.008	−0.161**	−0.135**
Pharmaceutical	8	−51**	−17	−0.035	−0.365***	−0.136*
Paramedic	1	−1	−2***	0.032	−0.029	−0.060***
Age 50–74
Total	63	−48	−2	−0.030	−0.153**	−0.084
GP	4***	0	0	0.040*	−0.001	0.017
Hospital	60	−121	−64	0.032	−0.145	−0.073
Pharmaceutical	−7	69	61	−0.204***	−0.352***	−0.162
Paramedic	6*	4	1	0.080	0.016	−0.009
Age 75+
Total	−405**	81	214	−0.130	0.077	0.184
GP	−2	6	7	−0.030	0.058	0.111
Hospital	−263**	52	87	−0.029	0.069	0.171
Pharmaceutical	−125*	31	127	−0.169	0.048	0.196
Paramedic	−15	−8	−7	−0.106	−0.085	0.034

***, **, * indicate a statistically significant difference with conventional GP at the 1, 5, and 10% level, respectively

^aCosts of healthcare are in Euros per quarter. Each row is based on two regressions with either costs (left panel) or the natural logarithm of costs (right panel) as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables are gender, age (linear, within each age category), dummies for each quarter, dummies for anthroposophy, homeopathy, and acupuncture; the table reports the coefficients on the latter dummies. All regressions control for 6-digit insuree postcode fixed effects; standard errors clustered at the insuree level