Table 3.

Independent predictors of PPE-15 total score

	Parameter Estimate	SE	Adjusted p value
Subjective health (bad health-good health)	4.37	0.10	<0.0001
Functional impairment (dependence, independence)	2.24	0.21	<0.0001
Gender (male, female)	-1.31	0.21	<0.0001
Age	0.96	0.11	<0.0001
Highest education level	-1.01	0.14	<0.0001
Healthcare utilization last six month	0.47	0.10	<0.0001

Multiple linear regression analysis including all patient characteristics. R² =0.07.