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Forest plots illustrating the results of a meta-analysis comparing operative outcomes in laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed-effects model or the random-effects model. (a) Operation time. (b) Intraoperative blood loss. (c) Blood transfusions. (d) Splenic preservation. SD, standard deviation
