Table 2.
HRs (95%CIs) for VTE by risk factor level, ARIC, 1987 – 2005 (1).
| Unprovoked + provoked | Unprovoked | Provoked | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Demographic adjusted2 | Adjusted for demographics2 + BMI | Demographic adjusted2 | Adjusted for demographics2 + BMI | Demographic adjusted2 | Adjusted for demographics2 + BMI | |
|
Behaviours
| ||||||
| Physical activity | * Ptrend = 0.01 | Ptrend = 0.09 | Ptrend = 0.31 | Ptrend = 0.59 | * Ptrend = 0.02 | Ptrend = 0.08 |
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 0.70 (0.55–0.91) | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) | 0.57 (0.36–0.90) | 0.57 (0.37–0.92) | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | 0.80 (0.59–1.09) |
| Q3 | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.74 (0.58–0.95) | 0.80 (0.55–1.19) | 0.86 (0.59–1.28) | 0.63 (0.46–0.85) | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) |
| Q4 | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.74 (0.48–1.15) | 0.82 (0.53–1.27) | 0.74 (0.53–1.02) | 0.81 (0.58–1.12) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Former | 1.06 (0.85–1.31) | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 1.20 (0.83–1.72) | 1.19 (0.83–1.71) | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) |
| Current | 1.24 (0.96–1.59) | 1.44 (1.12–1.86) | 1.56 (1.04–2.35) | 1.84 (1.22–2.79) | 1.08 (0.79–1.49) | 1.25 (0.91–1.73) |
| Alcohol intake (g/week) | Ptrend = 0.27 | Ptrend = 0.68 | Ptrend = 0.54 | Ptrend = 0.85 | Ptrend = 0.35 | Ptrend =0.71 |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–99 | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.64 (0.40–1.01) | 0.69 (0.44–1.10) | 0.98 (0.72–1.33) | 1.07 (0.79–1.45) |
| ≥100 | 0.89 (0.65–1.21) | 0.97 (0.71–1.32) | 1.03 (0.64–1.67) | 1.12 (0.69–1.81) | 0.81 (0.54–1.21) | 0.88 (0.58–1.32) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | * ptrend=<0.0001 | * Ptrend = <0.0001 | * ptrend = <0.0001 | |||
| ≤25 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| 25–29 | 1.58 (1.20–2.09) | - | 1.90 (1.16–3.11) | - | 1.45 (1.04–2.03) | - |
| 30–34 | 2.10 (1.57–2.82) | - | 2.99 (1.80–4.95) | - | 1.75 (1.22–2.52) | - |
| ≥35 | 3.09 (2.26–4.23) | - | 3.95 (2.29–6.81) | - | 2.77 (1.89–4.06) | - |
|
| ||||||
|
Physiologic characteristics
| ||||||
| Diabetes | Ptrend = 0.0009 | Ptrend = 0.17 | Ptrend = 0.15 | Ptrend = 0.91 | Ptrend = 0.002 | Ptrend =0.11 |
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| IFG | 1.25 (1.02–1.54) | 1.09 (0.88–1.35) | 1.03 (0.73–1.46) | 0.88 (0.60–1.26) | 1.40 (1.08–1.82) | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) |
| Diabetes | 1.51 (1.18–1.93) | 1.20 (0.92–1.55) | 1.39 (0.93–2.09) | 1.06 (0.70–1.62) | 1.59 (1.16–2.17) | 1.28 (0.92–1.78) |
| Blood pressure, mmHg3 | ||||||
| Systolic | Ptrend =0.99 | Ptrend =0.47 | Ptrend=0.21 | Ptrend =0.09 | Ptrend =0.36 | Ptrend =0.74 |
| <120 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 120–139 | 0.84 (0.68–1.05) | 0.78 (0.63–0.97) | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) | 0.94 (0.71–1.24) | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) |
| ≥140 | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 0.80 (0.54–1.19) | 0.73 (0.49–1.09) | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) | 1.06 (0.79–1.44) |
| Diastolic | Ptrend =0.34 | Ptrend =0.48 | Ptrend =0.47 | Ptrend = 0.58 | Ptrend =0.50 | Ptrend = 0.64 |
| <80 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 80–89 | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) | 1.05 (0.82–1.34) | 1.03 (0.68–1.56) | 1.00 (0.66–1.51) | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) |
| ≥90 | 1.17(0.80–1.71) | 1.14(0.78–1.66) | 1.30(0.71–2.40) | 1.27(0.69–2.33) | 1.10(0.68–1.79) | 1.07(0.66–1.73) |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.28 (1.06–1.55) | 1.10 (0.90–1.33) | 1.25 (0.91–1.71) | 1.06 (0.77–1.47) | 1.30 (1.02–1.65) | 1.11 (0.87–1.42) |
| Lipid values, mg/dl4 | ||||||
| HDL cholesterol | * Ptrend= 0.005 | Ptrend=0.19 | Ptrend=0.22 | Ptrend=0.82 | * Ptrend = 0.008 | Ptrend =0.15 |
| <40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–59 | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 0.97 (0.78–1.22) | 0.96 (0.66–1.39) | 1.03 (0.71–1.50) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | 0.95 (0.72–1.24) |
| ≥60 | 0.66 (0.50–0.87) | 0.82 (0.61–1.09) | 0.74 (0.47–1.19) | 0.94 (0.58–1.52) | 0.61 (0.43–0.87) | 0.75 (0.52–1.09) |
| LDL cholesterol | Ptrend = 0.047 | Ptrend=0.03 | Ptrend =0.17 | Ptrend =0.14 | Ptrend = 0.14 | Ptrend=0.09 |
| <100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 100–129 | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) |
| 130–159 | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) | 0.76 (0.59–0.98) | 0.93 (0.62–1.42) | 0.90(0.59–1.36) | 0.71 (0.51–0.98) | 0.68 (0.49–0.94) |
| ≥160 | 0.75 (0.56–1.02) | 0.73 (0.54–0.98) | 0.63 (0.37–1.07) | 0.62 (0.36–1.05) | 0.82 (0.57–1.18) | 0.79 (0.55–1.13) |
| Triglycerides | Ptrend =0.67 | Ptrend =0.61 | Ptrend = 0.97 | Ptrend = 0.59 | Ptrend = 0.62 | Ptrend = 0.80 |
| <150 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 150–189 | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 1.03 (0.80–1.33) | 0.90 (0.58–1.41) | 0.83 (0.53–1.29) | 1.27 (0.94–1.72) | 1.15 (0.85–1.57) |
| ≥200 | 1.02 (0.79–1.33) | 0.92 (0.71–1.19) | 1.04 (0.68–1.59) | 0.93 (0.61–1.42) | 1.01 (0.72–1.40) | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) |
| Statin use | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.91 (0.64–1.31) | 0.87 (0.61–1.25) | 1.06 (0.60–1.88) | 1.00 (0.56–1.77) | 0.85 (0.52–1.34) | 0.80 (050–1.28) |
1
Participants who reported a history of VTE and/or anticoagulant use at baseline were excluded. Participants who reported anticoagulant use at follow-up were excluded at the visit before use was reported.
2
Adjusted for age, race, ARIC field center, and sex.
3
Adjusted for blood pressure medication use as a time-varying covariate.
4
Adjusted for lipid medication use as a time-varying covariate.
*
Significant linear trend at p < 0.05.