Table 2.
Changes in Outcome Variables over a 12-Month Period
| Parameter | Baseline | 12 months | Differencea | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1c (%) | ||||
| Online care | 9.6±1.0 | 8.3±1.1 | −1.3±1.4 | <0.0001 |
| Telephone care | 9.9±1.2 | 8.5±1.6 | −1.5±1.6 | <0.0001 |
| Web training | 10.1±1.4 | 8.4±1.7 | −1.7±1.8 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | ||||
| Online care | 135.6±17.4 | 135.2±19.2 | −0.3±16.9 | 0.891 |
| Telephone care | 139.9±17.4 | 133.2±17.1 | −6.7±16.7 | 0.006 |
| Web training | 139.8±19.1 | 136.7±19.3 | −3.1±20.4 | 0.297 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | ||||
| Online care | 75.7±11.8 | 73.2±10.7 | −2.5±12.9 | 0.178 |
| Telephone care | 80.8±13.1 | 74.6±10.7 | −6.3±11.5 | 0.001 |
| Web training | 83.1±15.8 | 77.3±11.5 | −5.8±15.5 | 0.012 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| Online care | 172.3±35.9 | 164.6±32.7 | −7.8±29.3 | 0.071 |
| Telephone care | 167.6±42.7 | 158.3±35.1 | −8.5±29.3 | 0.048 |
| Web training | 174.0±38.2 | 163.1±38.0 | −10.7±29.8 | 0.019 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | ||||
| Online care | 95.1±29.4 | 92.4±27.4 | −4.0±25.8 | 0.290 |
| Telephone care | 91.7±37.8 | 85.9±27.1 | −5.5±24.1 | 0.122 |
| Web training | 92.5±32.3 | 86.3±29.4 | 5.8±24.6 | 0.118 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | ||||
| Online care | 39.1±10.6 | 39.7±11.6 | 0.8±6.8 | 0.413 |
| Telephone care | 39.0±12.0 | 37.2±11.2 | −2.1±4.1 | 0.001 |
| Web training | 38.1±10.0 | 38.0±10.2 | −0.2±5.7 | 0.848 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ||||
| Online care | 190.5±85.8 | 163.6±75.1 | −25.5±66.3 | 0.010 |
| Telephone care | 186.4±127.6 | 176.3±133.4 | −6.5±108.7 | 0.676 |
| Web training | 225.5±139.6 | 197.2±117.7 | −26.4±98.5 | 0.076 |
| Weight (pounds) | ||||
| Online care | 232.9±46.2 | 234.3±48.0 | 1.4±13.5 | 0.458 |
| Telephone care | 235.2±55.3 | 239.1±55.7 | 4.0±14.8 | 0.062 |
| Web training | 235.6±52.2 | 237.5±48.8 | 0.7±15.1 | 0.747 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Online care | 34.4±6.1 | 34.5±6.2 | 0.2±2.1 | 0.551 |
| Telephone care | 33.7±7.3 | 34.3±7.4 | 0.6±2.2 | 0.066 |
| Web training | 34.2±7.0 | 34.3±6.4 | 0.1±2.2 | 0.725 |
| Diabetes distress | ||||
| Online care | 21.8±21.0 | 19.2±18.5 | 1.8±10.7 | 0.271 |
| Telephone care | 24.5±20.0 | 18.3±15.7 | 6.2±15.0 | 0.008 |
| Web training | 29.0±19.6 | 19.5±14.8 | 8.0±15.6 | 0.003 |
a
Difference scores were computed for subjects with complete data at baseline. This limitation applied to the lipid values and distress scores only. Rounding affected the difference scores slightly for some parameters.
b
P values are from paired t tests comparing baseline means with 12-month means within each study group.
A1c, hemoglobin A1c; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.