Increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in DCs from HIV-1 patients coinfected with opportunistic infection (OI). TLR2 and TLR4 expression on monocytes (CD14+), mDCs (Lin1− CD11chigh), and pDCs (BDCA2+ CD123high) from total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and measured by flow cytometry. (A) Analysis of TLR4 expression in pDCs from the three groups of individuals, healthy donors, and HIV-1-infected patients with and without OIs. The PBMC gated events are shown to select the pDC subpopulation and TLR4 expression in these cells. For both TLRs and all cellular subpopulations evaluated, the strategy used for the analysis was the same. (B) The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of TLR2 and TLR4 in mDCs and monocytes was plotted for each group: controls (n=21), HIV-1-infected patients without OI (n=39), and HIV-1-infected patients with OI (n=10). Comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA tests and Dunn's post-tests. The level of significance is p<0.05 (*) and p<0.01 (**).