Table 3.
Multi-level logistic regression models for referral to the LMP
| Explanatory variables | Empty model | Model 1 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Patient characteristics |
|
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
| SEIFA quintile2 |
1 - poorest |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
2 |
|
9.87 (0.21, 471.1) |
| |
3 |
|
1.44 (0.12, 17.53) |
| |
4 |
|
3.36 (0.09, 122.4) |
| |
5 - richest |
|
7.18 (0.33, 155.1) |
| BMI |
<25 |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
≥25 |
|
2.87 (1.10, 7.47) |
| Physical activity |
Active |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
Inactive |
|
2.90 (1.36, 6.14) |
| Stage of change for increasing fruit and vegetables |
Maintenance |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
Contemplation/preparation/action |
|
0.70 (0.28, 1.78) |
| |
Pre-contemplation |
|
0.61 (0.11, 3.49) |
| Stage of change for decreasing dietary fat intake |
Maintenance |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
Contemplation/preparation/action |
|
1.56 (0.60, 4.05) |
| |
Pre-contemplation |
|
2.88 (0.47, 17.71) |
| Stage of change for increasing physical activity |
Maintenance |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
Contemplation/preparation/action |
|
2.75 (1.07, 7.03) |
| |
Pre-contemplation |
|
0.83 (0.14, 4.79) |
| Stage of change for losing weight |
Maintenance |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
Contemplation/preparation/action |
|
1.20 (0.41, 3.48) |
| |
Pre-contemplation |
|
1.59 (0.46, 5.52) |
| GP advice/referral for physical activity in previous 3 months |
No |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
Yes |
|
1.43 (0.68, 3.00) |
|
Practice characteristics |
|
|
|
| Practice location |
urban |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
rural |
|
12.50 (1.43, 109.7) |
| Practice size: |
≥ 3 GPs |
|
1.00 (reference) |
| |
1-3 GPs |
|
16.05 (2.74, 94.24) |
| Between patient variance (SE3) |
|
1.176 (0.852) |
1.045 (0.627) |
| Intra class correlation |
|
0.263 |
0.241 |
| Explained variance 4 (%) | - | 11.14 |
*P < 0.05.
Statistically significant p-values (<0.05) are shown in bold.
Multilevel logistic regression1 Model 1: includes all variables found to be significant in univariate analysis. 2 2006 index of relative socio-economic advantage/disadvantage, 3 Standard error, 4 Explained ‘between practice’ variance using the variance in the empty model as reference.