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. 2012 Jul 4;33(11):2220–2227. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs235

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© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1. — MiRNA is involved in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis. a) MiRNA regulates cell cycle checkpoint of G1/G0 phase, G1/S phase, Intra-S phase and G2/M phase and prevents cell cycle progression to reduce DNA damage repair time, resulting in more tumor cells killed by radiotherapy. In this process, many important molecules, such as Chk1, Chk2, p53, p21, CyclinE, Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdc25a, Cdc25c, and PLK1, involved in cell cycle progression are under the regulation of miRNA. b) During apoptosis, miRNA regulates the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, including Bax, Bad, Bak, Bim and PUMA, and anti-apoptotic factors, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, to enhance mitochondrial membrane permeability, induce cytochrome C and apoptosis induced factor (AIF) release, and activation of caspase 3, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis.

Fig. 1. — MiRNA is involved in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis. a) MiRNA regulates cell cycle checkpoint of G1/G0 phase, G1/S phase, Intra-S phase and G2/M phase and prevents cell cycle progression to reduce DNA damage repair time, resulting in more tumor cells killed by radiotherapy. In this process, many important molecules, such as Chk1, Chk2, p53, p21, CyclinE, Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdc25a, Cdc25c, and PLK1, involved in cell cycle progression are under the regulation of miRNA. b) During apoptosis, miRNA regulates the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, including Bax, Bad, Bak, Bim and PUMA, and anti-apoptotic factors, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, to enhance mitochondrial membrane permeability, induce cytochrome C and apoptosis induced factor (AIF) release, and activation of caspase 3, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis.