Diffusible intracellular factors cannot account for the depolarized voltage dependence and cAMP insensitivity of HCN4 in CHO cells. Average conductance–voltage relationships determined from tail currents in excised inside-out patches from CHO cells expressing HCN4 (A), HEK cells expressing HCN4 (C), or CHO cells expressing HCN2 (E) before (black) and after (red) wash-on of 100 µM cAMP. The insets show representative current traces elicited by test pulses to −120 mV in individual patches before and after cAMP. (B, D, and F) Activation midpoints determined from excised patches from CHO cells expressing HCN4 (B), from HEK cells expressing HCN4 (D), and from CHO cells expressing HCN2 (F). V1/2 values for individual cells (small symbols) are plotted before (black) and after (red) wash-on of 100 µM cAMP. Lines connect midpoint values from the same patches. Large symbols represent the average midpoint values (±SEM). Asterisks indicate statistical significance compared with control (P < 0.05) in paired t tests; ns, not significantly different from control (P > 0.05).