Figure 2.

Patterns of BBB compromise in fatal pediatric CM. A and B: In young children with CM, fibrinogen leakage (arrows), signaling BBB breakdown, is observed immediately adjacent to capillaries densely packed with PfRBCs and leukocyte infiltration (arrowheads). C and D: Fibrinogen leakage (arrows) is also seen juxtaposed to a thrombosed vessel (C, arrowhead) and in ring hemorrhages in the white matter (D). Thrombosis and hemorrhage are two prominent features of CM.

Reprinted from Dorovini-Zis et al²⁰ with permission of Elsevier.