Table 1.
Differential Diagnosis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
| Immune Mediated | Non-Immune Mediated |
|---|---|
| ANCA-Associated Vasculitis | Cardiac Disease |
| Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) | Left ventricular dysfunction |
| Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) | Valvular disease |
| Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) | |
| Infection | |
| Isolated Pulmonary Capillaritis | |
| Medications | |
| Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Syndrome | |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | |
| Connective Tissue Disease | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | |
| Inflammatory Myopathies | Coagulopathy |
| Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome | Radiation Exposure |
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura/IgA Vasculitis | Occupational Exposure |
| Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis | Crack Cocaine Inhalation |
| Behçet’s Disease | Bone Marrow Transplant1 |
| Lung Transplant Rejection | |
| Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis (Anti-C1q Vasculitis) |
|
| Drug-Induced Vasculitis | |
| Bone Marrow Transplant1 |
1
In autopsy series of patients with bone marrow transplant with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, there were complications of diffuse alveolar damage, rather than capillaritis, suggesting a non-immune mediated mechanism of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.