Study | Outcome measure | Internal consistency (Cronbach α) |
SEM (Baseline SD × √1 − Cronbach α) | Baseline 0.5 SD | Baseline Mean (SD) |
Within-Groups Mean Difference (95% CI) |
Within-Groups Effect Size—Hedges' g (95% CI) |
Between Groups Mean Difference (95% CI) |
Between Groups Effect size—Hedges' g (95% CI) |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yoga | Control | Yoga | Control | Yoga | Control | Yoga | Control | Yoga | Control | |||||
Chandwani et al., 2010 [10] | SF36 PCS | 41.50 | 41.8 | 1.60 | −2.80 | 0.18 | −0.27 | 4.40 | 0.46 | |||||
(Physical) | .90 | 2.60 | 3.40 | 4.10 | 5.30 | (8.20) | (10.6) | [−1.74, 4.94] | [−6.35, 0.75] | [−0.19, 0.54] | [−0.62, 0.08] | [−0.52, 9.32]c | [−0.06, 0.97] | |
SF36 MCS | 47.80 | 48.0 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
(Mental) | .90 | 3.80 | 3.50 | 6.00 | 5.60 | (12.00) | (11.1) | [−2.16, 5.96] | [−1.76, 5.56] | [−0.19, 0.54] | [−0.17, 0.52] | [−5.45, 5.45] | [−0.51, 0.51] | |
| ||||||||||||||
Culos-Reed et al., 2006 [12] |
EORTC-QoL | 64.58 | 62.04 | 13.66 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 13.20 | 0.67 | |||||
(Overall) | .89 | 8.50 | 4.26 | 12.82 | 6.43 | (25.63) | (12.85) | [2.85, 24.47]ab | [−6.16, 7.08] | [0.08, 1.04]* | [−0.41, 0.47] | [0.52, 25.88]cd | [0.01, 1.32]* | |
EORTC-Emo | 79.58 | 75.00 | 4.22 | −4.17 | 0.23 | −0.25 | 8.39 | 0.48 | ||||||
(Emotional) | .80 | 9.01 | 6.64 | 10.07 | 7.43 | (20.14) | (14.85) | [−4.05, 12.49] | [−11.57, 3.23] | [−0.22, 0.67] | [−0.70, 0.20] | [−2.71, 19.49]cd | [−0.16, 1.13] | |
| ||||||||||||||
Danhauer et al., 2009 [13] |
FACT-B | 104.90 | 101.1 | 9.90 | −2.70 | 0.48 | −0.09 | 12.6 | 0.49 | |||||
(Overall) | .90 | 6.30 | 7.70 | 10.00 | 12.20 | (19.90) | (24.4) | [−0.71, 20.51]a | [−17.80, 12.40] | [−0.06, 1.02] | [−0.58, 0.41] | [−6.12, 31.32]cd | [−0.25, 1.24] | |
FACT-SWB | 23.30 | 21.4 | −0.20 | −1.00 | −0.04 | −0.15 | 0.80 | 0.14 | ||||||
(Social) | .69 | 2.60 | 3.00 | 2.60 | 2.70 | (4.70) | (5.4) | [−2.84, 2.44] | [−4.26, 2.26] | [−0.55, 0.47] | [−0.65, 0.35] | [−3.43, 5.03] | [−0.60, 0.87] | |
FACT-FWB | 18.70 | 18.0 | 3.20 | −0.60 | 0.57 | −0.08 | 3.80 | 0.58 | ||||||
(Functional) | .86 | 2.60 | 3.10 | 2.90 | 3.50 | (5.70) | (6.9) | [0.33, 6.07]ab | [−4.38, 3.18] | [0.01, 1.12]* | [−0.57, 0.42] | [−1.00, 8.60]cd | [−0.17, 1.34] | |
FACT-EWB | 18.10 | 18.5 | 2.70 | −0.30 | 0.70 | −0.05 | 3.00 | 0.61 | ||||||
(Emotional) | .69 | 2.00 | 2.70 | 2.00 | 2.60 | (3.90) | (5.2) | [0.74, 4.66]ab | [−3.29, 2.69] | [0.13, 1.28]* | [−0.54, 0.44] | [−0.63, 6.63]cd | [−0.15, 1.35] | |
FACT-PWB | 19.70 | 20.7 | 2.80 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 2.40 | 0.36 | ||||||
(Physical) | .81 | 3.00 | 2.20 | 3.50 | 2.60 | (7.00) | (5.1) | [−1.18, 6.78] | [−2.44, 3.24] | [−0.17, 0.89] | [−0.42, 0.56] | [−2.44, 7.24]c | [−0.38, 1.10] | |
SF-12 PCS | 42.70 | 40.6 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
(Physical) | .86 | 4.50 | 3.80 | 6.1 0 | 5.10 | (12.10) | (10.1) | [−4.56, 8.76] | [−3.68, 7.88] | [−0.35, 0.67] | [−0.32, 0.68] | [−8.79, 8.79] | [−0.73.0.73] | |
SF-12 MCS | 43.40 | 49.9 | 8.80 | −2.40 | 0.93 | −0.18 | 11.20 | 1.00 | ||||||
(Mental) | .81 | 4.40 | 4.50 | 5.10 | 5.10 | (10.10) | (10.2) | [3.97, 13.63]ab | [−8.90, 4.10] | [0.30, 1.55]** | [−0.68, 0.31] | [3.01, 19.39]cd | [0.22, 1.78]** | |
| ||||||||||||||
Littman et al., 2011 [14] |
FACT-B | 89.00 | 87.8 | 1.30 | −0.10 | 0.12 | −0.01 | 1.40 | 0.11 | |||||
(Overall) | .90 | 2.97 | 4.49 | 4.70 | 7.10 | (9.40) | (14.2) | [−2.58, 5.18] | [−5.61, 5.41] | [−0.24, 0.49] | [−0.37, 0.36] | [−5.34, 8.14] | [−0.42, 0.64] | |
FACT-SWB | 21.70 | 21.7 | 0.40 | −0.80 | 0.08 | −0.14 | 1.20 | 0.22 | ||||||
(Social) | .69 | 2.84 | 3.01 | 2.60 | 2.70 | (5.10) | (5.4) | [−1.51, 2.31] | [−2.96, 1.40] | [−0.29, 0.44] | [−0.50, 0.23] | [−1.68, 4.08] | [−0.31, 0.75] | |
FACT-FWB | 22.70 | 21.6 | −0.10 | 0.10 | −0.03 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.05 | ||||||
(Functional) | .86 | 1.23 | 1.46 | 1.70 | 2.60 | (3.30) | (5.1) | [−1.47, 1.27] | [−1.75, 1.95] | [−0.39, 0.34] | [−0.35, 0.39] | [−2.11, 2.51] | [−0.50, 0.57] | |
FACT-EWB | 19.80 | 20.3 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
(Emotional) | .69 | 1.56 | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.30 | (2.80) | (2.6) | [−0.84, 1.84] | [−0.59, 1.59] | [−0.23, 0.51] | [−0.20, 0.54] | [−1.73, 1.73] | [−0.53, −0.53] | |
FACT-PWB | 24.70 | 24.2 | 0.70 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.60 | 0.18 | ||||||
(Physical) | .81 | 1.00 | 1.7 0 | 1.20 | 2.00 | (2.30) | (3.9) | [−0.08, 1.48] | [−1.47, 1.67] | [−0.05, 0.71] | [−0.34, 0.39] | [−1.16, 2.36] | [−0.35, 0.71] | |
| ||||||||||||||
Moadel et al., 2007 [15] |
FACT-G | 76.53 | 77.54 | 1.54 | −7.16 | 0.09 | −0.30 | 8.70 | 0.43 | |||||
(Overall) | .89 | 5.96 | 8.11 | 8.99 | 12.23 | (17.98) | (24.45) | [−3.60, 6.68] | [−16.25, 1.93] | [−0.20, 0.37] | [−0.68, 0.09] | [−0.96, 18.36]c | [−0.05, 0.91] | |
FACT-SWB | 20.98 | 22.12 | −0.30 | −3.95 | −0.05 | −0.60 | 3.65 | 0.60 | ||||||
(Social) | .69 | 3.47 | 3.46 | 3.12 | 3.11 | (6.23) | (6.22) | [−1.99, 1.39] | [−6.41, −1.49]ab | [−0.34, 0.24] | [−1.00, −0.19]** | [0.75, 6.56]cd | [0.11, 1.09]* | |
FACT-FWB | 18.33 | 18.19 | −0.16 | −1.98 | −0.02 | −0.26 | 1.82 | 0.26 | ||||||
(Functional) | .80 | 2.85 | 3.45 | 3.19 | 3.86 | (6.38) | (7.72) | [−2.08, 1.76] | [−4.88, 0.92] | [−0.31, 0.26] | [−0.63, 0.12] | [−1.53, 5.17] | [−0.22, 0.74] | |
FACT-EWB | 16.36 | 16.50 | 1.83 | −0.41 | 0.40 | −0.07 | 2.24 | 0.44 | ||||||
(Emotional) | .74 | 2.43 | 3.03 | 2.39 | 2.97 | (4.77) | (5.94) | [0.51, 3.14]** | [−2.65, 1.83] | [0.10, 0.70]** | [0.44, 0.31] | [−0.19, 4.67] | [−0.05, 0.92] | |
FACT-PWB | 20.87 | 20.73 | 0.16 | −0.82 | 0.03 | −0.12 | 0.98 | 0.16 | ||||||
(Physical) | .82 | 2.24 | 2.98 | 2.64 | 3.52 | (5.28) | (7.03) | [−1.51, 1.83] | [−3.39, 1.75] | [−0.26, 0.32] | [−0.49, 0.26] | [−1.96, 3.91] | [−0.32, 0.64] | |
| ||||||||||||||
Vadiraja et al., 2009 [16] |
EORTC-Phys | 73.20 | 62.72 | 0.06 | 6.24 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 6.18 | 0.23 | |||||
(Physical) | .71 | 12.49 | 16.68 | 11.60 | 15.49 | (23.20) | (30.98) | [−7.30, 7.42] | [−4.19, 16.66] | [−0.29, 0.30] | [−0.14, 0.54] | [−6.24, 18.60] | [−0.23, 0.68] | |
EORTC-Role | 72.72 | 71.59 | 7.16 | 1.26 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 5.90 | 0.16 | ||||||
(Role) | .52 | 24.15 | 25.22 | 17.43 | 18.20 | (34.86) | (36.40) | [−3.32, 17.64] | [−11.81, 14.33] | [−0.10, 0.50] | [−0.30, 0.37] | [−10.64, 22.44] | [−0.29, 0.61] | |
EORTC-Emo (Emotional) |
56.45 | 51.58 | 18.67 | 7.65 | 0.89 | 0.36 | 11.02 | 0.53 | ||||||
.80 | 8.84 | 7.80 | 9.89 | 8.72 | (19.77) | (17.44) | [12.47, 24.87]ab | [0.48, 14.82] | [0.54, 1.25]*** | [−0.01, 0.70]* | [1.57, 20.47]cd | [0.07, 0.99]* | ||
EORTC-Cog | 85.29 | 82.67 | 5.28 | −1.90 | 0.30 | −0.08 | 7.18 | 0.36 | ||||||
(Cognitive) | .73 | 9.35 | 10.97 | 9.00 | 10.56 | (18.00) | (21.12) | [0.13, 10.43] | [−9.66, 5.86] | [0.00, 0.61]* | [−0.42, 0.25] | [−1.83, 16.19] | [−0.10, 0.82] | |
EORTC-Soc | 52.82 | 52.41 | 2.14 | −2.48 | 0.08 | −0.10 | 4.62 | 0.18 | ||||||
(Social) | .77 | 12.73 | 11.72 | 13.28 | 12.22 | (26.55) | (24.43) | [−5.53, 9.81] | [−10.78, 5.82] | [−0.22, 0.38] | [−0.43, 0.23] | [−6.74, 15.98] | [−0.27, 0.64] |