Table 3.

Unadjusted (univariate) Cox proportional-hazards model for event-free survival at 2 years in patients without and with diabetes

Covariate	Diabetes Mellitus
	No		Yes
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Age at implantation	1.00	0.99–1.02	1.01	0.98–1.03
Female gender	0.51	0.27–0.96	0.76	0.40–1.44
Serum creatinine (per unit mg/dl)	1.39	1.14–1.69*	2.05	1.54–2.73*
QRS duration >150 ms	0.66	0.43–1.01	0.81	0.51–1.29
Baseline NYHA class	2.80	1.55–5.05*	2.29	1.12–4.66*
LVEF	0.97	0.97–1.00	0.99	0.96–1.03
Ischemic cause of HF	1.45	0.95–2.19	1.29	0.78–2.13
β-blocker use at implantation	0.67	0.39–1.16	0.54	0.30–0.99
Echocardiographic responder	0.41	0.23–0.73*	0.55	0.31–0.99*
Insulin use	NA	NA	1.84	1.17–2.88*

CI = confidence interval; NA = not applicable.

^*p <0.05.