TABLE 1.
Student and School Demographic Characteristics
| Characteristics | N (%) or M (SD) |
|---|---|
| Student characteristics (N = 12 344), N (%) | |
| Gender | |
| Male | 6482 (52.9) |
| Female | 5782 (47.1) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 76 (0.6) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 516 (4.3) |
| African American | 5462 (45.1) |
| White | 5588 (46.1) |
| Hispanic | 473 (3.9) |
| Grade cohort | |
| Kindergarten (up to third grade) | 4156 (33.7) |
| First (up to fourth grade) | 4141 (33.5) |
| Second (up to fifth grade) | 4047 (33.0) |
| Received special education services | 1540 (12.9) |
| Received free or reduced priced meals | 5850 (49.4) |
| School characteristics (N = 37 schools), mean (SD) | |
| Student mobility | 23.6 (8.2) |
| School enrollment | 486.4 (157.8) |
| Faculty turnover rate | 16.1 (7.6) |
| Student/teacher ratio | 11.3 (3.3) |