TABLE 4—
Implicit General Race Bias and Race and Medical Compliance Stereotyping as Predictors of Patient Perceptions of Clinician, by Patient Race: The Race and Relationship-Centered Care Study, Baltimore, MD, January 2002–August 2006
| Implicit General Race Bias, Black Patients (n = 191)a |
Implicit General Race Bias, White Patients (n = 55) |
Implicit Race and Medical Compliance Stereotyping, Black Patients (n = 197)a |
Implicit Race and Medical Compliance Stereotyping, White Patients (n = 55) |
|||||
| Patient Perceptions | Predicted Probabilitiesb (95% CI) | P | Predicted Probabilitiesb (95% CI) | P | Predicted Probabilitiesb (95% CI) | P | Predicted Probabilitiesb (95% CI) | P |
| Clinician would ask patient to help decide treatment | .48 | .002 | .02 | .04 | ||||
| No implicit bias | 31.3 (22.8, 41.2) | 33.2 (17.9, 53.3) | 35.2 (27.8, 43.4) | 46.3 (26.5, 67.3) | ||||
| Implicit bias | 28.3 (22.3, 35.1) | 16.6 (7.3, 33.5) | 23.0 (16.8, 30.7) | 19.4 (6.8, 44.1) | ||||
| Clinician respects him or her | .001 | < .001 | .15 | .47 | ||||
| No implicit bias | 50.2 (38.6, 61.7) | 14.2 (7.0, 26.5) | 44.1 (33.7, 55.1) | 27.9 (15.5, 44.9) | ||||
| Implicit bias | 34.9 (27.2, 43.5) | 26.5 (18.7, 36.0) | 37.0 (28.7, 46.2) | 21.6 (8.3, 45.5) | ||||
| Clinician likes him or her | .25 | .003 | .41 | .23 | ||||
| No implicit bias | 28.5 (20.4, 38.2) | 2.4 (0.5, 9.9) | 26.5 (18.8, 35.9) | 15.1 (5.0, 37.8) | ||||
| Implicit bias | 23.8 (17.9, 31.0) | 8.0 (3.0, 19.5) | 23.2 (16.7, 31.3) | 6.6 (1.8, 21.4) | ||||
| Likes clinician | < .001 | .12 | .75 | .12 | ||||
| No implicit bias | 46.6 (37.5, 55.9) | 22.8 (11.9, 39.1) | 39.8 (31.0, 49.3) | 42.1 (27.1, 58.7) | ||||
| Implicit bias | 32.7 (26.2, 39.9) | 31.4 (20.8, 44.5) | 38.4 (31.7, 45.5) | 31.6 (22.5, 42.5) | ||||
| Trusts clinician | .29 | .49 | .02 | .17 | ||||
| No implicit bias | 71.2 (64.3, 77.3) | 81.3 (61.7, 92.2) | 74.4 (67.3, 80.5) | 83.1 (64.2, 93.1) | ||||
| Implicit bias | 67.6 (60.6, 73.8) | 76.9 (68.9, 83.4) | 64.0 (56.5, 70.9) | 73.9 (64.2, 81.7) | ||||
| Has confidence in clinician | .007 | .25 | .05 | .15 | ||||
| No implicit bias | 80.1 (72.9, 85.8) | 83.6 (69.0, 92.1) | 79.3 (72.2, 85.0) | 83.9 (66.4, 93.2) | ||||
| Implicit bias | 71.4 (64.1, 77.7) | 79.0 (70.7, 85.4) | 71.2 (63.8, 77.7) | 74.9 (66.0, 82.0) | ||||
| Would recommend clinician | .001 | .51 | .18 | .03 | ||||
| No implicit bias | 47.3 (38.6, 56.1) | 32.3 (17.4, 51.8) | 42.4 (32.8, 52.7) | 43.8 (24.0, 65.8) | ||||
| Implicit bias | 34.4 (27.1, 42.5) | 29.1 (19.4, 41.2) | 36.3 (29.4, 43.8) | 23.7 (15.5, 34.5) | ||||
Note. CI = confidence interval. Adjusted for clinician gender and patient age, gender, education, and the mental component of the Medical Outcomes Short Form 12.
A few patients did not respond to some of the outcomes (minimum n = 186 for Black and n = 54 for White patients).
We estimated the predicted probabilities while holding all other covariates in the model constant at their mean. These are the probabilities of having the outcome for a hypothetical patient whose clinician exhibited no implicit bias (a score of 0.0) and for a similar hypothetical patient whose clinician exhibited a moderate level of implicit bias (a score of 0.5).