TABLE 3—
Logistic Regression Models of Associations Between Reported Experience of Racial Discrimination (Ever) and Demographic Variables With Negative Patient Experience in Last 12 Months: 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey
| Not Always Listened to Carefully (n = 2561), AOR (95% CI) | Care Not Always Discussed as Much as Wanted (n = 2664), AOR (95% CI) | Not Always Treated With Respect and Dignity (n = 954), AOR (95% CI) | Any Negative Experience (n = 3282), AOR (95% CI) | |
| Reported experience of racism | ||||
| None (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Racism by a health professional | 1.54 (1.13, 2.10) | 1.54 (1.13, 2.10) | 2.62 (1.84, 3.73) | 1.57 (1.15, 2.14) |
| Other racism | 1.47 (1.26, 1.70) | 1.51 (1.31, 1.74) | 1.60 (1.30, 1.95) | 1.55 (1.35, 1.79) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| European (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Maori | 1.02 (0.88, 1.17) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.12) | 1.18 (0.95, 1.47) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) |
| Pacific | 1.05 (0.83, 1.32) | 1.19 (0.94, 1.51) | 1.29 (0.95, 1.75) | 1.17 (0.93, 1.47) |
| Asian | 0.91 (0.75, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) | 1.56 (1.20, 2.04) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08) |
| Age groups, y | ||||
| 15–24 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–44 | 1.03 (0.84, 1.26) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.49) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.19) |
| 45–64 | 0.73 (0.59, 0.91) | 0.75 (0.61, 0.92) | 0.64 (0.47, 0.88) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.85) |
| ≥ 65 | 0.51 (0.41, 0.64) | 0.57 (0.46, 0.71) | 0.48 (0.34, 0.69) | 0.50 (0.41, 0.62) |
| Education qualification | ||||
| No secondary (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Some secondary | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.18) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) |
| Tertiary | 1.04 (0.89, 1.12) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.16) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.24) |
| New Zealand Index of Deprivation 2006, quintiles | ||||
| 1 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 1.23 (0.85, 1.78) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) |
| 3 | 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.23) | 1.25 (0.85, 1.82) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) |
| 4 | 1.02 (0.84, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.31) | 1.17 (0.81, 1.67) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) |
| 5 | 1.15 (0.95, 1.40) | 1.05 (0.87, 1.28) | 1.39 (0.97, 2.01) | 1.05 (0.87, 1.27) |
| Equivalized household income | ||||
| Lowest income | 1.37 (1.17, 1.62) | 1.32 (1.12, 1.55) | 1.69 (1.30, 2.19) | 1.41 (1.21, 1.64) |
| Middle income | 1.23 (1.06, 1.42) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 1.58 (1.23, 2.03) | 1.22 (1.06, 1.40) |
| Highest income (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Visits to health care provider, no. | ||||
| 1–2 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3–5 | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.39) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.29) |
| ≥ 6 | 1.59 (1.36, 1.86) | 1.60 (1.38, 1.86) | 1.31 (1.04, 1.65) | 1.58 (1.37, 1.83) |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. Data analysis was restricted to adults (men and women) with a usual primary health care provider and at least 1 visit in the last 12 months (n = 9960). Missing data were excluded.