TABLE 3—
Measured Test Results: Adult Health Outcomes for Abused and Neglected Children and Matched Controls, Midwestern United States, 2003–2005
| Control Group, No. or % | Abuse and Neglect Group |
Physical Abuse Group |
Sexual Abuse Group |
Neglect Group |
|||||
| Health Outcome | No. or % | OR (95% CI) | No. or % | OR (95% CI) | No. or % | OR (95% CI) | No. or % | OR (95% CI) | |
| Peak airflow | |||||||||
| No. | 261 | 360 | 59 | 49 | 295 | ||||
| Unadjusted, % | 1.1 | 4.2 | 3.65** (1.05, 12.75) | 1.7 | 1.48 (0.15, 14.51) | 2.0 | 1.79 (0.18, 17.59) | 4.7 | 4.32** (1.23, 15.19) |
| Age, race, gender | 3.45** (0.98, 12.13) | 1.41 (0.14, 14.52) | 1.54 (0.15, 16.21) | 4.36** (1.22, 15.52) | |||||
| All control variables | 3.22* (0.87, 11.95) | 0.55 (0.04, 8.80) | 2.53 (0.17, 37.41) | 4.04** (1.07, 15.26) | |||||
| Blood pressure | |||||||||
| No. | 261 | 360 | 59 | 49 | 295 | ||||
| Unadjusted, % | 29.9 | 30.8 | 1.04 (0.73, 1.47) | 37.3 | 1.40 (0.77, 2.52) | 36.7 | 1.36 (0.72, 2.58) | 28.8 | 0.96 (0.67, 1.38) |
| Age, race, gender | 1.07 (0.74, 1.54) | 1.46 (0.78, 2.73) | 1.63 (0.82, 3.26) | 1.00 (0.68, 1.45) | |||||
| All control variables | 1.16 (0.79, 1.71) | 1.43 (0.73, 2.79) | 1.48 (0.73, 3.01) | 1.12 (0.74, 1.70) | |||||
| Mantoux (PPD) | |||||||||
| No. | 218 | 318 | 51 | 45 | 260 | ||||
| Unadjusted, % | 1.8 | 2.8 | 1.51 (0.46, 4.96) | 2.0 | 1.07 (0.12, 9.78) | 0 | NE | 3.1 | 1.71 (0.51, 5.76) |
| Age, race, gender | 1.46 (0.44, 4.82) | 1.02 (0.11, 9.61) | 1.72 (0.51, 5.56) | ||||||
| All control variables | 1.19 (0.33, 4.28) | 0.75 (0.07, 8.58) | 1.18 (0.32, 4.39) | ||||||
| Hearing | |||||||||
| No. | 260 | 358 | 58 | 48 | 294 | ||||
| Unadjusted, % | 4.2 | 7.5 | 1.99* (0.95, 4.19) | 8.6 | 2.14 (0.71, 6.40) | 10.4 | 2.63* (0.87, 7.95) | 7.1 | 1.75 (0.83, 3.71) |
| Age, race, gender | 1.96 (0.93, 4.16) | 2.21 (0.71, 6.86) | 2.12 (0.67, 6.73) | 1.74 (0.82, 3.71) | |||||
| All control variables | 1.74* (0.79, 3.85) | 2.37* (0.68, 8.26) | 2.23 (0.66, 7.57) | 1.72 (0.74, 4.01) | |||||
| Oral health | |||||||||
| No. | 258 | 360 | 59 | 49 | 295 | ||||
| Unadjusted, % | 49.6 | 55.8 | 1.29 (0.93, 1.79) | 44.1 | 0.80 (0.45, 1.41) | 32.7 | 0.49** (0.26, 0.94) | 60.0 | 1.51** (1.08, 2.11) |
| Age, race, gender | 1.34* (0.97, 1.87) | 0.82 (0.40, 0.99) | 0.52* (0.27, 1.02) | 1.55*** (1.10, 2.18) | |||||
| All control variables | 0.98 (0.67, 1.42) | 0.70 (0.37, 1.35) | 0.43** (0.21, 0.87) | 1.07 (0.72, 1.59) | |||||
| Vision | |||||||||
| No. | 262 | 361 | 59 | 49 | 296 | ||||
| Unadjusted, % | 65.3 | 74.2 | 1.51** (1.06, 2.15) | 64.4 | 0.96 (0.53, 1.74) | 79.6 | 2.08** (0.99, 4.35) | 74.0 | 1.50** (1.04, 2.16) |
| Age, race, gender | 1.51** (1.05, 2.18) | 0.81 (0.43, 1.53) | 1.39 (0.63, 3.07) | 1.58** (1.08, 2.30) | |||||
| All control variables | 1.12 (0.75, 1.66) | 0.58 (0.29, 1.17) | 1.22 (0.53, 2.78) | 1.17 (0.76, 1.78) | |||||
Note: CI = confidence interval; NE = not estimable; OR = odds ratio; PPD = purified protein derivative. Line 1 = unadjusted; line 2 = adjusted with controls for age, gender, and race; and line 3 = adjusted with all control variables, including age, race, gender; childhood socioeconomic status (according to report of parents’ receiving welfare when the person was a child); adult socioeconomic status (earnings at interview 3, $0 coded as “0”; < $25 000 coded as “1”; $25 000– < $50 000 coded as “2”; ≥ $50 000 coded as “3”; if missing earnings but a high school graduate and holding a full-time job, case was coded “2”); unhealthy behaviors (count 0–3: alcohol or drug abuse diagnosis at interview 1 or body mass index [defined as weight in kg divided by the square of height in m] at overweight level at interview 3); smoking (pack-years—the usual current number or when the person last smoked regularly); and number of mental health problems (diagnosis of major depression or posttraumatic stress disorder or none at first interview, 0, 1, or 2). Percentages refer to the presence of test scores in the problem range.
*P < .1; **P < .05; ***P < .01; †P < .001.