TABLE 1—
Examples of Infectious Diseases With International Sources: United States, 1987–2011
| Disease | Location | Time Frame | Description |
| Choleraa | FL, MA, NYC, KS, MI, NC, VA, TX | Nov 2010–Apr 20113 | 23 US cases (22 from travel, 1 from food) in 6 states associated with outbreak in Hispaniola; exceeds annual US average of 6 cases, 2000–2010 |
| Measlesa | MA, NY, TX, PA, WA, CA | Jan–Feb 20114 | 13 imported cases in US residents; 7 of the 13 in unvaccinated infants aged 12–23 months; infant cases linked to travel to Haiti, India, Dominican Republic, Qatar, Philippines, and Nigeria |
| US | 2001–20104 | 604/692 (87%) cases import associated; of 604, 48% imported, 52% import linked; 54% in US residents, 46% in foreign visitors | |
| US | Jan–May 20115–7 | 118 cases from 23 states (highest since 1996); 44% of cases imported from 15 countries (highest from France and India); 74% in returning US travelers, 26% in foreign visitors; 49% of cases associated with 9 US outbreaks in households, child care centers, shelters, schools, emergency departments, and community; 90% of cases were US residents (~85% of these cases were unvaccinated); similar to patterns in 2008 and 2009 | |
| Tuberculosisa | US | 20108 | 11 181 total cases; foreign-born 18.1/100 000 (60.5%) of all cases, ~7000–8000/y 1993–2008; 1.6/100 000 (39.5%) were US-born |
| Lassa fevera | PA | 20109 | 1 case, traveler returning from Liberia, survived; 140 contacts investigated; 6 US-imported cases through 2010 (2 arrived asymptomatic) |
| Malariaa | FL, PA | 201010 | 4 US flight crew members returning from Ghana |
| US | 201011 | 11 cases associated with Haiti earthquake response (7 US emergency responders including 6 military responders; 3 Haitian residents; 1 US traveler); 6 of 7 US emergency responders nonadherent to chemoprophylaxis recommendations | |
| US | 200912 | 1484 cases, 4 fatal; from all states except NV; 1478 imported (77% US residents, 23% foreign visitors), 2 from transfusion, 3 possibly congenital, 1 transplant-associated; only 25% of US civilians had used any chemoprophylaxis (only 18 cases in US military); 84% with symptom onset on or after US arrival | |
| Denguea | GA, NE | Oct 201013 | 7 cases among 28 missionaries returning from Haiti (following earthquake response) |
| US | 2006–200814 | 732.0 cases from 37 states; ~20% with dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome or dengue with hemorrhage; average 244.0 cases/y in 2006–2008 higher than 1990–2005 annual average of 33.5 cases; US transmission rare but reported (TX: multiple years, HI: 2001–2002, FL: 2009–2010) | |
| Rabiesa | LA | 201015 | Migrant farm worker, bat bite in Mexico, died; 204 contacts investigated, 95 treated with PEP; 8 of total 32 US rabies cases 2000–2008, in 5 states, were imported |
| VA (DC, MD) | 200916 | 1 case (VA) exposed to dog in India, died; 174 contacts investigated, 32 received PEP | |
| NJ | 200817 | Imported rabid dog from Iraq in shipment of 24 dogs, 2 cats distributed to 16 states; investigation of animals and people in 16 states | |
| Marburg hemorrhagic fevera | CO | 200818 | 1 case in US resident traveling to Uganda; 260 contacts investigated (co-workers, health care workers) |
| Japanese encephalitis | MN, CA, WA | 2003–200819 | 3 Asian immigrants returning from travel to Thailand, the Philippines, and Cambodia |
| Tick-borne encephalitis | UT, WY, CT, NYC, DC | 2000–200920 | 5 cases in returning US travelers (4 from Russia or Europe, 1 from China) |
| HIV-2a | US | 1987–200921 | 242 cases, 97% foreign-born; implications for diagnosis, clinical management (different from HIV-1) |
| Chikungunya fever | US | 200622 | 37 confirmed imported cases in US travelers from India (87%), Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, and Reunión |
| Monkeypox | IL, IN, KS, MO, OH, WI | 200323,24 | 72 cases (including 51% lab confirmed); from infected pet prairie dogs housed or transported with infected Gambian giant rats imported from Ghana |
| SARSa | US | 200325,26 | 418 cases from 42 states plus Puerto Rico; 344 (82%) suspect, 74 (18%) probable; travel alerts to Beijing and Mainland China, Hong Kong, Toronto, and Taiwan lifted July 1–15 |
Note. NYC = New York City; PEP = postexposure prophylaxis; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome.
a
On the 2011 list of nationally notifiable infectious conditions.27