TABLE 3—
Overweight and Obesity Rates by Race, Sex, and School-Level Poverty Quintile: South African National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, 2002 and 2008
| 2002 |
2008 |
|||||
| Race/Ethnicity by Poverty Quintilea | Adolescent Boys (n = 4184), % (SE) | Adolescent Girls (n = 5338), % (SE) | Total (n = 9522), % (SE) | Adolescent Boys (n = 4561), % (SE) | Adolescent Girls (n = 4810), % (SE) | Total (n = 9371), % (SE) |
| Overweight | ||||||
| Black | ||||||
| 1–2 | 4.0 (0.6) | 21.5 (2.0) | 13.7 (1.3) | 6.1 (1.0) | 27.5 (2.2) | 17.4 (1.8) |
| 3–4 | 4.5 (0.7) | 29.2 (4.7) | 18.7 (2.9) | 11.0 (1.7) | 31.0 (2.2) | 21.4 (1.9) |
| 5 | 10.6* (2.6) | 30.3** (5.0) | 22.2** (2.1) | 12.2** (1.8) | 32.8 (4.2) | 23.2* (2.4) |
| Coloredb | ||||||
| 1–2 | 10.5 (6.2) | 8.1 (3.5) | 9.1 (3.1) | 2.8 (2.6) | 12.9 (4.8) | 8.2 (3.3) |
| 3–4 | 7.1 (1.8) | 20.6 (1.8) | 13.7 (1.0) | 12.8 (3.0) | 22.3 (3.1) | 17.8 (1.9) |
| 5 | 8.3 (3.0) | 18.8* (1.5) | 13.9 (1.8) | 13.0 (4.4) | 29.8 (3.8) | 21.5 (3.4) |
| White | ||||||
| 1–2 | 5.7 (4.1) | 27.3 (9.7) | 18.0 (5.6) | 5.9 (4.8) | 9.0 (5.3) | 8.2 (3.9) |
| 3–4 | 22.3 (5.5) | 21.3 (7.4) | 21.7 (5.3) | 20.8 (10.0) | 37.1 (8.2) | 27.1 (3.4) |
| 5 | 18.4 (4.1) | 26.9 (2.6) | 23.1 (2.2) | 29.5 (5.5) | 26.4 (3.1) | 28.0 (3.6) |
| Total | ||||||
| 1–2 | 4.3 (0.7) | 20.8 (1.9) | 13.5 (1.2) | 5.9 (1.0) | 26.7 (2.2) | 16.9 (1.8) |
| 3–4 | 6.1 (0.9) | 27.9 (4.1) | 18.4 (2.5) | 11.9 (1.5) | 29.6 (2.1) | 20.9 (1.7) |
| 5 | 12.9 (2.1) | 27.0** (2.8) | 20.9** (1.3) | 19.8** (3.3) | 30.1 (2.5) | 25.0** (2.2) |
| Obesity | ||||||
| Black | ||||||
| 1–2 | 1.0 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.8) | 2.9 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.4) |
| 3–4 | 1.2 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.4) | 3.3 (1.6) | 8.4 (1.9) | 6.1 (1.8) |
| 5 | 2.6 (0.9) | 9.0 (2.2) | 6.3 (1.0) | 5.0** (1.2) | 10.6* (3.2) | 7.9** (1.8) |
| Coloredb | ||||||
| 1–2 | 0.5 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.3) | 1.9 (1.7) | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.3) |
| 3–4 | 1.9 (0.4) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.3) | 2.7 (0.7) | 7.1 (1.6) | 5.0 (1.0) |
| 5 | 5.0 (3.4) | 6.0 (2.0) | 5.5* (1.9) | 2.5 (1.8) | 8.1 (2.2) | 5.3 (2.0) |
| White | ||||||
| 1–2 | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.1 (2.6) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.7) |
| 3–4 | 5.7 (4.0) | 6.6 (4.5) | 6.2 (4.2) | 5.1 (2.0) | 10.9 (3.8) | 7.4 (1.6) |
| 5 | 4.0 (2.3) | 7.3 (1.8) | 5.8 (1.4) | 11.4 (3.2) | 11.0 (1.9) | 11.6 (2.1) |
| Total | ||||||
| 1–2 | 0.9 (0.3) | 4.2 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.4) |
| 3–4 | 1.6 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.5) | 3.8 (1.6) | 8.1 (1.7) | 6.1 (1.6) |
| 5 | 3.6 (1.2) | 7.9* (1.3) | 6.0** (0.8) | 7.4** (1.6) | 10.1** (1.6) | 8.9** (1.3) |
Note. All analyses controlled for hierarchical data structure and for age, sex, and race where applicable (i.e., total columns and rows).
a
School-level poverty quintiles; quintile 5 is the highest socioeconomic status.
b
Mixed Black and White descent.
*P < .05; **P < .01 (rates significantly different in 2002 and 2008).