Table 1.

Traditional food and medicinal uses of wild plants and mushrooms in Mundimitar/Montemitro

Botanical taxon and family	Local name(s) in Mundimitar	English name	Part(s) used	Folk use(s) in Mundimitar	Frequency of citation
Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) (CULTIVATED)	Luk	Garlic	Flowering shoots	Boiled, then preserved in olive oil or vinegar; in tomato sauces	+++
Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae)	Pjedruš	Amaranth	Leaves	Raw in salads, or boiled	+++
Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. (Apiaceae)	Kanijola	Fool's water-cress	Aerial parts	Raw in salads or between two slices of bread	+++
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm and related species (Marasmiaceae)	Rekkie mušil	Honey fungus	Fruiting body	Blanched, then fried	+
Asparagus acutifolius L. (Asparagaceae)	Sparuga	Wild asparagus	Shoots	Boiled, then fried in omelets	+++
Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. (Amaranthaceae)	Blitva	Wild beet	Leaves	Boiled, then fried	+++
Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae)	Bureina	Borage	Young leale	Boiled.	+++
				Coated with bread crumbs, then deep fried
Bunias erucago L. (Brassicaceae) (?)	Rapanača	Crested warty cabbage	Whorls	Boiled and fried	+
Calendula arvensis L. (Asteraceae)	Kalendula	Marigold	Flowers	In salads	+
Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (Cantharellaceae)	Galuč	Chanterelle	Fruiting body	Blanched, then fried	+
Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (Gentianaceae)	Džencjanela	Centaury	Aerial parts	Decoction as a panacea	+
Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae)	Čikoria	Wild cichory	Whorls	Boiled, then fried in olive oil with garlic	++
Clavaria sp. (Clavariaceae)	Picele	Coral fungus	Fruiting body	Boiled, then fried	+
Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae)	Škrabut	Traveller’s joy	Shoots	Boiled, then fried or in sauces; digestive aid	+++
				Stems are directly applied on the tooth to treat toothache
Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae)	Kurnja	Cornel cherry tree	Fruits (Kurnjal)	Consumed raw, or dried/smoked; liqueurs	+++
Crataegus. monogyna Jacq. and C. oxyacantha L. (Rosaceae)	Glog	Hawthorn	Fruits (Glogbili)	Consumed raw as snack.	+++
				The thorny stems were used to insert into figs for drying.
Cydonia oblonga Mill. (Rosaceae)	Kutunja	Quince	Fruits	Boiled with wine, for treating sore throats.	+++
				Jam.
Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae)	Ošnak	Wild artichocke or wild cardoon	Stems	Boiled, then fried with eggs	+++
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae)	Gramača	Bermuda grass	Whole plant	Decoction as a diuretic	++
Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae)	Marijun	White wall-rocket	Leaves	Raw in salads, more often fried in the pan	+++
Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. (Cucurbitaceae)	Tikvica divlja	Squirting cucumber	Fruit juice	Instilled in the nose for treating malaria or spread on women breast for weaning babies	++
Eruca sativa Miller (Brassicaceae)	Rucola	Rocket	Leaves	Raw in salads	+++
Eryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae) (?)	Sikavac	Field eryngo	Leaves	Decoction for treating eye inflammations	+
Ficus carica L. (Moraceae)	Smokva	Fig tree	Pseudofruits	Eaten fresh or dried	+++
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Cout. (Apiaceae)	Finoč	Wild fennel	Fruits	Seasoning for home-made sausages; decoctions as diuretic or for treating gastric reflux	+++
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae)	Gurgulica	Licorice	Root	Consumed raw as snack.	+++
				The aerial parts used as insect repellent.
Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae)	Lupare	Wild hop	Shoots	Boiled, then fried in omelet	++
Hydnum repandum L.: Fr. (Hydnaceae)	Lengaove	Wood hedgehog	Fruiting body	Blanched, then fried	++
Lupinus albus L. spp. (Fabaceae) (CULTIVATED)	Lupino	Lupin	Flower shoots Aerial parts	Boiled, then fried.	+
				The decoction of the whole aerial parts is used in external washes for treating pig erysipelas
Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae)	Slis	Mallow	Leaves and flowers	Decoction for treating digestive troubles, bronchitis, or as a laxative for children	+++
Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae)	Kamomilla	Chamomile	Flowering tops or stems	Decoction, as a mild tranquillizer	++
Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae)	Merkulela	Mercurya	Leaves	Boiled in soups (mixed with other herbs), or in purgative decoctions	++
Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris Brot. (Oleaceae)	Maslina	Wild olive tree	Branches	Used for drying figs	++
Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)	Pljei	Wild oregano	Flowering tops	Seasoning	+++
Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae)	Mak	Corn poppy	Young aerial parts	Raw in salads, or cooked	+++
Parietaria judaica L. (Urticaceae)	Kolana	Pellitory	Aerial parts	Decoction in external use for treating hemorrhoids (affected parts exposed to vapors).	++
				Necklaces for children
Picris echioides L. and P. hieracioides L. (Asteraceae)	Tustača	Oxtongue	Whorls and shoots	Shoots eaten raw as snack.	++
				Whorls boiled and fried.
Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae)	Prkatj	Purslane	Aerial parts	Raw in salads	++
Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae)	Ndrnjela	Sloe	Fruits	Gathered an consumed after the frost; liqueurs	++
Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)	Šipak	Pomegranate	Fruits	Consumed raw in winter	++
Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. (Rosaceae)	Trnovača	Wild pear tree	Fruits	Gathered and consumed after the frost	++
Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. (Fagaceae) (?)	Sladul	Oak	Kernel	Consumed raw	+
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae)	Skorčavata	Dog rose	Pseudofruits	Decoction for treating sore throat (sometimes together wild dried figs, apple slices, and barley)	+++
Ruscus aculeatus L. (Asparagaceae)	Leprencia	Butcher’s Broom	Shoots	Boiled, then fried.	++
				Dried branches were used to clean the fireplace
Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae)	Ruta	Rue	Aerial parts	Aromatizing grappa.	+++
				Kept under the pillow for treating worms in children.
				A few leaves eaten raw by pregnant women to prevent miscarriage (in the past)
Salvia verbenaca L. (Lamiaceae)	Prsenica	Meadow sage	Leaves	Applied externally with pork fat as a suppurative or for treating insect stings	+
Sambucus nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae)	Baz	Elderbery tree	Aerial parts and fruits	Decoction, then in external washes for treating erysipelas in pigs.	+++
				Fruits juice used as ink in the past.
Sinapis alba L and S. arvensis L. (Brassicaceae)	Sinapa	Wild mustard	Young aerial parts	Raw in salads, more often cooked in the pan	++
Sonchus arvensis L. and S. oleraceus L. (Asteraceae)	Kostriš/ Kašgn	Sow thistle	Young aerial parts	Boiled, then fried in the pan or cooked in tomato sauce	+++
Sorbus domestica L. (Rosaceae)	Oskoruša	Service tree	Fruits	Consumed after natural fermentation	++
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Caryophyllaceae)	Mišakina	Chickweed	Aerial parts	Fodder for hens	++
Tamus communis L. (Dioscoreaceae)	Gljuštre	Black bryony	Shoots	Boiled, then fried in the pan with eggs or tomato sauce (sometimes served on noodles)	+++
Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Lamiaceae)	Kametr	Wall germander	Aerial parts	Decoction for treating malaria (in the past) and hypertension	++
Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy (Crassulaceae)	Kopič	Navelwort	Leaves	Crushed and mixed with pork fat and soot for treating furuncles	++
Urtica dioica L (Urticaceae)	Kopriva	Nettle	Leaves and shoots	Boiled, then mixed with ricotta cheese, in filled pasta.	+++
				Decoction in external washes for strengthening the hair
Ziziphus jujuba Miller (Rhamnaceae)	Džurdžula	Jujube	Fruits	Eaten after natural fermentation	+

(?) Identification was only postulated on the basis of linguistic data and plant description; +++: quoted by 7 informants or more; ++: quoted by 2 to 6 informants; +: quoted by 1 or 2 informants only.